feat: skip two-way copy for cuda devices when decoding video wallpapers + cache wallpapers as blobs in new database

Helpers/Wallpapers.qml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Searcher {
 	property bool recentlyChanged
 	property bool showPreview: false
 
-	function getCategoryFor(w: FileSystemEntry): string {
+	function getCategoryFor(w: WallpaperEntry): string {
 		let category = w.parentDir.slice(Paths.wallsdir.length + 1);
 		if (category.includes("/"))
 			category = category.slice(0, category.indexOf("/"));
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ Searcher {
 	}
 
 	function thumbnailFor(path: string): string {
-		if (!isVideoPath(path))
+		if (!path)
-			return path;
+			return "";
 
 		for (const entry of root.list) {
-			if (entry.path === path && entry.thumbnailPath)
+			if (entry.path === path)
-				return entry.thumbnailPath;
+				return entry.thumbnailPath || path;
 		}
 
 		return path;
@@ -147,12 +147,13 @@ Searcher {
 		onTriggered: monitorCrops.writeAdapter()
 	}
 
-	FileSystemModel {
+	WallpaperDb {
 		id: wallpapers
 
-		filter: FileSystemModel.Media
+		dbPath: `${Paths.state}/wallpapers.sqlite`
+		cacheSize: wallpaper.largestBufferSize
+		requireHardwareCodec: true
 		path: Config.general.wallpaperPath
-		recursive: true
 	}
 
 	Process {
@@ -171,9 +172,19 @@ Searcher {
 	WallpaperService {
 		id: wallpaper
 
+		dbPath: wallpapers.dbPath
 		path: root.current
 	}
 
+	Connections {
+		target: wallpapers
+
+		function onCacheStored(path: string): void {
+			if (path === root.current)
+				wallpaper.invalidateCache();
+		}
+	}
+
 	Variants {
 		model: Quickshell.screens
 

Modules/Launcher/Items/WallpaperTile.qml

@@ -55,15 +55,15 @@ Item {
 			}
 		}
 
-		CachingImage {
+		Image {
 			id: img
 			anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
 			anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
 			anchors.top: parent.top
-			cache: true
+			asynchronous: true
 			fillMode: Image.PreserveAspectCrop
 			height: root.tileHeight
-			path: root.modelData ? root.modelData.thumbnailPath : ""
+			source: root.modelData ? root.modelData.thumbnailPath : ""
 			smooth: root.isCurrent
 			sourceSize.height: root.tileHeight
 			sourceSize.width: root.tileHeight * (16 / 9)

Modules/Settings/Pages/Wallpaper/WallpaperSelect.qml

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ PageBase {
 
 				WallItem {
 					id: wallItem
-					required property FileSystemEntry modelData
+					required property WallpaperEntry modelData
 
 					enabled: modelData
 					opacity: modelData ? 1 : 0

Plugins/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ pkg_check_modules(EGL REQUIRED IMPORTED_TARGET egl)
 pkg_check_modules(WAYLAND_EGL REQUIRED IMPORTED_TARGET wayland-egl)
 pkg_check_modules(GL REQUIRED IMPORTED_TARGET gl)
 pkg_check_modules(MPV REQUIRED IMPORTED_TARGET mpv)
+
+pkg_check_modules(AVCODEC REQUIRED IMPORTED_TARGET libavcodec)
+pkg_check_modules(AVFORMAT REQUIRED IMPORTED_TARGET libavformat)
+pkg_check_modules(AVUTIL REQUIRED IMPORTED_TARGET libavutil)
+
+find_package(CUDAToolkit QUIET)
 pkg_check_modules(Qalculate IMPORTED_TARGET libqalculate REQUIRED)
 pkg_check_modules(Pipewire IMPORTED_TARGET libpipewire-0.3 REQUIRED)
 pkg_check_modules(Aubio IMPORTED_TARGET aubio REQUIRED)

Plugins/ZShell/Internal/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -22,11 +22,13 @@ qml_module(ZShell-internal
 		linearindicatormanager.hpp linearindicatormanager.cpp
 		strokecanvasitem.hpp strokecanvasitem.cpp
 		strokecanvasrenderer.hpp strokecanvasrenderer.cpp
+		videoplayer.hpp videoplayer.cpp
 		cursor.hpp
 	LIBRARIES
 		Qt::Gui
 		Qt::Quick
 		Qt::Concurrent
+		Qt::Sql
 		Qt::Core
 		Qt::Network
 		Qt::DBus
@@ -40,4 +42,20 @@ qml_module(ZShell-internal
 		PkgConfig::WAYLAND_EGL
 		PkgConfig::GL
 		PkgConfig::MPV
+		PkgConfig::AVCODEC
+		PkgConfig::AVFORMAT
+		PkgConfig::AVUTIL
 )
+
+qt_add_resources(ZShell-internal "wallpaper_shaders"
+	PREFIX "/"
+	FILES
+		shaders/wallpaper.vert
+		shaders/wallpaper.frag
+		shaders/wallpaper_video.frag
+)
+
+if(CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
+	target_link_libraries(ZShell-internal PRIVATE CUDA::cuda_driver)
+	target_compile_definitions(ZShell-internal PRIVATE ZHAVE_VIDEO=1)
+endif()

Plugins/ZShell/Internal/shaders/wallpaper.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+uniform sampler2D source;
+uniform vec2 size;
+uniform vec4 crop;
+uniform float alpha;
+out vec4 outColor;
+
+void main() {
+	vec2 p = vec2(gl_FragCoord.x, size.y - gl_FragCoord.y) / size;
+	vec4 c = texture(source, crop.xy + p * crop.zw);
+	outColor = vec4(c.rgb, c.a * alpha);
+}

Plugins/ZShell/Internal/shaders/wallpaper.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+void main() {
+	vec2 corner = vec2(float((gl_VertexID << 1) & 2), float(gl_VertexID & 2));
+	gl_Position = vec4(corner * 2.0 - 1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+}

Plugins/ZShell/Internal/shaders/wallpaper_video.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+uniform sampler2D luma;
+uniform sampler2D chroma;
+uniform vec2 size;
+uniform vec2 srcSize;
+uniform vec4 crop;
+uniform float alpha;
+uniform int matrix;
+uniform int range;
+uniform vec2 chromaOff;
+out vec4 outColor;
+
+float noise(vec2 p) {
+	return fract(sin(dot(p, vec2(12.9898, 78.233))) * 43758.5453);
+}
+
+const float PI = 3.1415926535893;
+
+float sinc(float x) {
+	x *= PI;
+	return abs(x) < 1e-6 ? 1.0 : sin(x) / x;
+}
+
+float lanczos(float x) {
+	if (abs(x) >= 3.0)
+		return 0.0;
+	return sinc(x) * sinc(x / 3.0);
+}
+
+float hermite(float x) {
+	float a = abs(x);
+	if (a >= 1.0)
+		return 0.0;
+	return 1.0 - 3.0 * a * a + 2.0 * a * a * a;
+}
+
+vec4 resample(sampler2D tex, vec2 plane, vec2 dest, vec2 uv) {
+	vec2 pt = 1.0 / plane;
+	float wx[6];
+	float wy[6];
+	vec2 base;
+
+	int upx = dest.x >= plane.x ? 1 : 0;
+	int tx = upx == 1 ? 6 : 2;
+	float fsx = max(1.0, plane.x / dest.x);
+	float f = fract(uv.x * plane.x - 0.5);
+	base.x = uv.x - f * pt.x - pt.x * (float(tx) * 0.5 - 1.0);
+	float sx = 0.0;
+	for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+		if (i >= tx) { wx[i] = 0.0; continue; }
+		float x = f - (float(i) - float(tx) * 0.5 + 1.0);
+		wx[i] = upx == 1 ? lanczos(x / fsx) : hermite(x / fsx);
+		sx += wx[i];
+	}
+	if (sx != 0.0)
+		for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) wx[i] /= sx;
+
+	int upy = dest.y >= plane.y ? 1 : 0;
+	int ty = upy == 1 ? 6 : 2;
+	float fsy = max(1.0, plane.y / dest.y);
+	f = fract(uv.y * plane.y - 0.5);
+	base.y = uv.y - f * pt.y - pt.y * (float(ty) * 0.5 - 1.0);
+	float sy = 0.0;
+	for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+		if (i >= ty) { wy[i] = 0.0; continue; }
+		float y = f - (float(i) - float(ty) * 0.5 + 1.0);
+		wy[i] = upy == 1 ? lanczos(y / fsy) : hermite(y / fsy);
+		sy += wy[i];
+	}
+	if (sy != 0.0)
+		for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) wy[i] /= sy;
+
+	vec4 col = vec4(0.0);
+	for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
+		if (wx[i] == 0.0)
+			continue;
+		for (int j = 0; j < 6; ++j) {
+			if (wy[j] == 0.0)
+				continue;
+			vec2 c = base + vec2(float(i) * pt.x, float(j) * pt.y);
+			col += (wx[i] * wy[j]) * texture(tex, c);
+		}
+	}
+	return col;
+}
+
+void main() {
+	vec2 p = vec2(gl_FragCoord.x, size.y - gl_FragCoord.y) / size;
+	vec2 uv = crop.xy + p * crop.zw;
+	float Yv = resample(luma, srcSize, size, uv).r;
+	vec2 ch = resample(chroma, srcSize * 0.5, size, uv + chromaOff).rg;
+	vec3 yuv;
+	if (range == 0) {
+		yuv = vec3((Yv - 16.0 / 255.0) / (219.0 / 255.0),
+			(ch.r - 128.0 / 255.0) / (224.0 / 255.0),
+			(ch.g - 128.0 / 255.0) / (224.0 / 255.0));
+	} else {
+		yuv = vec3(Yv, ch.r - 0.5, ch.g - 0.5);
+	}
+	mat3 m = matrix == 1
+		? mat3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, -0.187324, 1.855600, 1.574800, -0.468124, 0.0)
+		: mat3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, -0.344136, 1.772000, 1.402000, -0.714136, 0.0);
+	vec3 rgb = m * yuv;
+	rgb += (noise(gl_FragCoord.xy) - 0.5) / 255.0;
+	outColor = vec4(clamp(rgb, 0.0, 1.0), alpha);
+}

Plugins/ZShell/Internal/videoplayer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
+#include "videoplayer.hpp"
+
+#ifdef ZHAVE_VIDEO
+
+#define EGL_EGLEXT_PROTOTYPES
+#define GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES
+
+#include <EGL/egl.h>
+#include <GL/gl.h>
+#include <GL/glext.h>
+#include <cuda.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <climits>
+
+#include <QtLogging>
+
+extern "C" CUresult cuGraphicsGLRegisterImage(
+	CUgraphicsResource* resource,
+	GLuint image,
+	GLenum target,
+	unsigned int flags);
+
+Q_LOGGING_CATEGORY(videoLog, "ZShell.Internal.wallpaper")
+
+namespace {
+
+enum AVPixelFormat chooseFormat(
+	AVCodecContext* ctx, const AVPixelFormat* pix_fmts) {
+	(void)ctx;
+	for (const AVPixelFormat* p = pix_fmts; *p != AV_PIX_FMT_NONE; ++p)
+		if (*p == AV_PIX_FMT_CUDA) return AV_PIX_FMT_CUDA;
+	return pix_fmts[0];
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+VideoPlayer::VideoPlayer(EGLDisplay display) : m_eglDisplay(display) {}
+
+VideoPlayer::~VideoPlayer() {
+	stop();
+
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mtx);
+	if (m_pending) {
+		av_frame_unref(m_pending);
+		av_frame_free(&m_pending);
+	}
+	if (m_displayed) {
+		av_frame_unref(m_displayed);
+		av_frame_free(&m_displayed);
+	}
+
+	if (m_cuCtx) {
+		CUcontext prev = nullptr;
+		cuCtxPushCurrent(m_cuCtx);
+		if (m_resY) {
+			cuGraphicsUnregisterResource(m_resY);
+			m_resY = nullptr;
+		}
+		if (m_resUV) {
+			cuGraphicsUnregisterResource(m_resUV);
+			m_resUV = nullptr;
+		}
+		if (m_texY) {
+			glDeleteTextures(1, &m_texY);
+			m_texY = 0;
+		}
+		if (m_texUV) {
+			glDeleteTextures(1, &m_texUV);
+			m_texUV = 0;
+		}
+		cuCtxPopCurrent(&prev);
+		cuCtxDestroy(m_cuCtx);
+		m_cuCtx = nullptr;
+	}
+	m_texSize = QSize();
+}
+
+void VideoPlayer::setReadyCallback(std::function<void()> callback) {
+	m_readyCb = std::move(callback);
+}
+
+void VideoPlayer::setFrameCallback(std::function<void()> callback) {
+	m_frameCb = std::move(callback);
+}
+
+bool VideoPlayer::openDecoder(const QString& path) {
+	if (avformat_open_input(
+			&m_fmt, path.toUtf8().constData(), nullptr, nullptr) < 0) {
+		qCWarning(
+			videoLog,
+			"VideoPlayer: could not open %s",
+			path.toUtf8().constData());
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (avformat_find_stream_info(m_fmt, nullptr) < 0) {
+		qCWarning(videoLog, "VideoPlayer: could not read stream info");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	m_streamIndex = -1;
+	for (unsigned i = 0; i < m_fmt->nb_streams; ++i)
+		if (m_fmt->streams[i]->codecpar->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
+			m_streamIndex = int(i);
+			break;
+		}
+	if (m_streamIndex < 0) {
+		qCWarning(videoLog, "VideoPlayer: no video stream");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	AVCodecParameters* par = m_fmt->streams[m_streamIndex]->codecpar;
+	const AVCodec* codec = avcodec_find_decoder(par->codec_id);
+	const AVCodec* hwcodec = nullptr;
+	void* it = nullptr;
+	while (const AVCodec* c = av_codec_iterate(&it)) {
+		if (c->id != par->codec_id || !av_codec_is_decoder(c)) continue;
+		for (int i = 0;
+			 const AVCodecHWConfig* cfg = avcodec_get_hw_config(c, i);
+			 ++i)
+			if (cfg->device_type == AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_CUDA &&
+				(cfg->methods & AV_CODEC_HW_CONFIG_METHOD_HW_DEVICE_CTX)) {
+				hwcodec = c;
+				break;
+			}
+		if (hwcodec) break;
+	}
+	if (hwcodec) codec = hwcodec;
+	if (!codec) {
+		qCWarning(
+			videoLog,
+			"VideoPlayer: no decoder for codec id %d",
+			int(par->codec_id));
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	m_codec = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
+	if (!m_codec) return false;
+	if (avcodec_parameters_to_context(m_codec, par) < 0) {
+		qCWarning(videoLog, "VideoPlayer: could not copy codec params");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	m_hwDeviceCtx = av_hwdevice_ctx_alloc(AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_CUDA);
+	if (!m_hwDeviceCtx) {
+		qCWarning(
+			videoLog, "VideoPlayer: could not allocate cuda hwdevice context");
+		return false;
+	}
+	AVCUDADeviceContext* cudaHw = reinterpret_cast<AVCUDADeviceContext*>(
+		reinterpret_cast<AVHWDeviceContext*>(m_hwDeviceCtx->data)->hwctx);
+	if (m_cuCtx) cudaHw->cuda_ctx = m_cuCtx;
+	if (av_hwdevice_ctx_init(m_hwDeviceCtx) < 0) {
+		qCWarning(
+			videoLog, "VideoPlayer: could not create cuda hwdevice context");
+		av_buffer_unref(&m_hwDeviceCtx);
+		return false;
+	}
+	m_codec->hw_device_ctx = av_buffer_ref(m_hwDeviceCtx);
+	m_codec->get_format = chooseFormat;
+
+	if (avcodec_open2(m_codec, codec, nullptr) < 0) {
+		qCWarning(videoLog, "VideoPlayer: could not open codec");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+void VideoPlayer::closeDecoder() {
+	if (m_codec) {
+		avcodec_free_context(&m_codec);
+		m_codec = nullptr;
+	}
+	if (m_hwDeviceCtx) {
+		av_buffer_unref(&m_hwDeviceCtx);
+		m_hwDeviceCtx = nullptr;
+	}
+	if (m_fmt) {
+		avformat_close_input(&m_fmt);
+		m_fmt = nullptr;
+	}
+	m_streamIndex = -1;
+}
+
+void VideoPlayer::decodeLoop(const QString& path) {
+	if (!openDecoder(path)) {
+		m_threadRunning = false;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	AVRational fr = m_fmt->streams[m_streamIndex]->avg_frame_rate;
+	if (fr.num <= 0 || fr.den <= 0) fr = m_codec->framerate;
+	if (fr.num <= 0 || fr.den <= 0) fr = AVRational{30, 1};
+	const int64_t intervalUs =
+		av_rescale_q(1, AVRational{fr.den, fr.num}, AVRational{1, 1000000});
+
+	AVFrame* frame = av_frame_alloc();
+	if (!frame) {
+		m_threadRunning = false;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	AVPacket pkt{};
+
+	while (m_threadRunning) {
+		int ret = av_read_frame(m_fmt, &pkt);
+		if (ret == AVERROR_EOF) {
+			if (avformat_seek_file(
+					m_fmt, m_streamIndex, INT64_MIN, 0, INT64_MAX, 0) < 0) {
+				qCWarning(videoLog, "VideoPlayer: loop seek failed; stopping");
+				break;
+			}
+			avcodec_flush_buffers(m_codec);
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			qCWarning(videoLog, "VideoPlayer: read error; stopping");
+			break;
+		}
+		if (pkt.stream_index != m_streamIndex) {
+			av_packet_unref(&pkt);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (avcodec_send_packet(m_codec, &pkt) < 0) {
+			av_packet_unref(&pkt);
+			continue;
+		}
+		av_packet_unref(&pkt);
+
+		while (m_threadRunning && avcodec_receive_frame(m_codec, frame) == 0) {
+			bool wasEmpty = false;
+			{
+				std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mtx);
+				if (!m_pending) m_pending = av_frame_alloc();
+				av_frame_unref(m_pending);
+				if (av_frame_ref(m_pending, frame) >= 0) {
+					wasEmpty = !m_haveFrame;
+					m_haveFrame = true;
+				}
+			}
+			if (wasEmpty && m_readyCb) m_readyCb();
+			if (m_frameCb) m_frameCb();
+			av_frame_unref(frame);
+		}
+
+		std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(intervalUs));
+	}
+
+	av_frame_free(&frame);
+	closeDecoder();
+	m_threadRunning = false;
+}
+
+bool VideoPlayer::start(const QString& path) {
+	stop();
+
+	if (!ensureCudaContext()) return false;
+
+	m_threadRunning = true;
+	m_thread = std::thread([this, path]() { decodeLoop(path); });
+	return true;
+}
+
+void VideoPlayer::stop() {
+	m_threadRunning = false;
+	if (m_thread.joinable()) m_thread.join();
+
+	closeDecoder();
+
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mtx);
+	if (m_pending) {
+		av_frame_unref(m_pending);
+		m_pending = nullptr;
+	}
+	if (m_displayed) {
+		av_frame_unref(m_displayed);
+		m_displayed = nullptr;
+	}
+	m_haveFrame = false;
+	m_size = QSize();
+}
+
+QSize VideoPlayer::frameSize() const {
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mtx);
+	return m_size;
+}
+
+void VideoPlayer::deleteTexture() {
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mtx);
+	CUcontext prev = nullptr;
+	if (m_cuCtx) cuCtxPushCurrent(m_cuCtx);
+	if (m_resY) {
+		cuGraphicsUnregisterResource(m_resY);
+		m_resY = nullptr;
+	}
+	if (m_resUV) {
+		cuGraphicsUnregisterResource(m_resUV);
+		m_resUV = nullptr;
+	}
+	if (m_texY) {
+		glDeleteTextures(1, &m_texY);
+		m_texY = 0;
+	}
+	if (m_texUV) {
+		glDeleteTextures(1, &m_texUV);
+		m_texUV = 0;
+	}
+	if (m_cuCtx) cuCtxPopCurrent(&prev);
+	m_texSize = QSize();
+}
+
+bool VideoPlayer::ensureCudaContext() {
+	if (m_cuCtx) return true;
+
+	if (cuInit(0) != CUDA_SUCCESS) {
+		qCWarning(videoLog, "VideoPlayer: cuInit failed");
+		return false;
+	}
+	CUdevice dev = 0;
+	if (cuDeviceGet(&dev, 0) != CUDA_SUCCESS) {
+		qCWarning(videoLog, "VideoPlayer: cuDeviceGet failed");
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (cuCtxCreate_v4(&m_cuCtx, nullptr, 0, dev) != CUDA_SUCCESS) {
+		m_cuCtx = nullptr;
+		qCWarning(videoLog, "VideoPlayer: cuCtxCreate failed");
+		return false;
+	}
+	CUcontext popped = nullptr;
+	cuCtxPopCurrent(&popped);
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool VideoPlayer::ensureTextures(unsigned w, unsigned h, int compBytes) {
+	if (!ensureCudaContext()) return false;
+	CUcontext prev = nullptr;
+	cuCtxPushCurrent(m_cuCtx);
+
+	const QSize sz = QSize(int(w), int(h));
+	if (m_texSize == sz && m_texComp == compBytes && m_texY != 0) {
+		cuCtxPopCurrent(&prev);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (m_resY) cuGraphicsUnregisterResource(m_resY);
+	if (m_resUV) cuGraphicsUnregisterResource(m_resUV);
+	m_resY = m_resUV = nullptr;
+	if (m_texY) glDeleteTextures(1, &m_texY);
+	if (m_texUV) glDeleteTextures(1, &m_texUV);
+	m_texY = m_texUV = 0;
+
+	const bool wide = compBytes == 2;
+	auto makeTex =
+		[&](GLuint& tex, GLint internal, GLenum fmt, unsigned tw, unsigned th) {
+			glGenTextures(1, &tex);
+			glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex);
+			glTexImage2D(
+				GL_TEXTURE_2D,
+				0,
+				internal,
+				GLint(tw),
+				GLint(th),
+				0,
+				fmt,
+				wide ? GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT : GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+				nullptr);
+			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+			glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+		};
+	makeTex(m_texY, wide ? GL_R16 : GL_R8, GL_RED, w, h);
+	makeTex(m_texUV, wide ? GL_RG16 : GL_RG8, GL_RG, w / 2, h / 2);
+
+	CUresult r = cuGraphicsGLRegisterImage(
+		&m_resY,
+		m_texY,
+		GL_TEXTURE_2D,
+		CU_GRAPHICS_REGISTER_FLAGS_WRITE_DISCARD);
+	if (r != CUDA_SUCCESS) {
+		const char* es = nullptr;
+		cuGetErrorString(r, &es);
+		qCWarning(
+			videoLog,
+			"VideoPlayer: register luma tex failed (%s)",
+			es ? es : "?");
+		m_texSize = QSize();
+		cuCtxPopCurrent(&prev);
+		return false;
+	}
+	r = cuGraphicsGLRegisterImage(
+		&m_resUV,
+		m_texUV,
+		GL_TEXTURE_2D,
+		CU_GRAPHICS_REGISTER_FLAGS_WRITE_DISCARD);
+	if (r != CUDA_SUCCESS) {
+		qCWarning(videoLog, "VideoPlayer: register chroma tex failed");
+		cuGraphicsUnregisterResource(m_resY);
+		m_resY = nullptr;
+		m_texSize = QSize();
+		cuCtxPopCurrent(&prev);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	m_texSize = sz;
+	m_texComp = compBytes;
+	cuCtxPopCurrent(&prev);
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool VideoPlayer::importCurrentFrame() {
+	AVFrame* frame = nullptr;
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mtx);
+		if (!m_pending || m_pending->format == AV_PIX_FMT_NONE) return false;
+		frame = m_pending;
+		m_pending = nullptr;
+	}
+
+	if (frame->format != AV_PIX_FMT_CUDA || !frame->hw_frames_ctx) {
+		static int logged = 0;
+		if (logged++ < 3)
+			qCWarning(
+				videoLog,
+				"VideoPlayer: frame not on GPU (fmt=%s hw_frames=%d)",
+				av_get_pix_fmt_name(AVPixelFormat(frame->format)),
+				frame->hw_frames_ctx != nullptr);
+		av_frame_unref(frame);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	const AVHWFramesContext* hf =
+		reinterpret_cast<const AVHWFramesContext*>(frame->hw_frames_ctx->data);
+	const AVPixelFormat sw = hf->sw_format;
+	const bool tenBit = sw == AV_PIX_FMT_P010LE || sw == AV_PIX_FMT_P010BE ||
+						sw == AV_PIX_FMT_P012LE || sw == AV_PIX_FMT_P016LE;
+	const int compBytes = tenBit ? 2 : 1;
+	const size_t compSize = size_t(compBytes);
+
+	const unsigned w = unsigned(frame->width);
+	const unsigned h = unsigned(frame->height);
+	if (w == 0 || h == 0) {
+		av_frame_unref(frame);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	size_t pitchY = size_t(frame->linesize[0]);
+	size_t pitchUV = frame->linesize[1] > 0 ? size_t(frame->linesize[1])
+											: pitchY;
+	if (pitchY == 0) pitchY = size_t(w) * compSize;
+
+	switch (frame->colorspace) {
+	case AVCOL_SPC_BT470BG:
+	case AVCOL_SPC_SMPTE170M:
+		m_matrix = 0;
+		break;
+	case AVCOL_SPC_BT709:
+		m_matrix = 1;
+		break;
+	default:
+		m_matrix = h >= 720 ? 1 : 0;
+		break;
+	}
+	m_range = frame->color_range == AVCOL_RANGE_JPEG ? 1 : 0;
+	m_size = QSize(int(w), int(h));
+
+	if (!ensureTextures(w, h, compBytes)) {
+		av_frame_unref(frame);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	CUcontext prev = nullptr;
+	cuCtxPushCurrent(m_cuCtx);
+	CUgraphicsResource res[2] = {m_resY, m_resUV};
+	CUresult r = cuGraphicsMapResources(2, res, nullptr);
+	if (r != CUDA_SUCCESS) {
+		cuCtxPopCurrent(&prev);
+		av_frame_unref(frame);
+		qCWarning(videoLog, "VideoPlayer: cuGraphicsMapResources failed");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	CUarray arrY = nullptr, arrUV = nullptr;
+	cuGraphicsSubResourceGetMappedArray(&arrY, m_resY, 0, 0);
+	cuGraphicsSubResourceGetMappedArray(&arrUV, m_resUV, 0, 0);
+
+	const size_t dstPitch = size_t(w) * compSize;
+	CUDA_MEMCPY2D mc{};
+	mc.srcMemoryType = CU_MEMORYTYPE_DEVICE;
+	mc.dstMemoryType = CU_MEMORYTYPE_ARRAY;
+	mc.srcDevice = CUdeviceptr(frame->data[0]);
+	mc.srcPitch = pitchY;
+	mc.dstArray = arrY;
+	mc.dstPitch = dstPitch;
+	mc.WidthInBytes = std::min(pitchY, dstPitch);
+	mc.Height = h;
+	r = cuMemcpy2D(&mc);
+	if (r == CUDA_SUCCESS) {
+		mc.srcDevice = CUdeviceptr(frame->data[1]);
+		mc.srcPitch = pitchUV;
+		mc.dstArray = arrUV;
+		mc.dstPitch = dstPitch;
+		mc.WidthInBytes = std::min(pitchUV, dstPitch);
+		mc.Height = h / 2;
+		r = cuMemcpy2D(&mc);
+	}
+
+	cuGraphicsUnmapResources(2, res, nullptr);
+	cuCtxPopCurrent(&prev);
+
+	if (r != CUDA_SUCCESS) {
+		av_frame_unref(frame);
+		qCWarning(videoLog, "VideoPlayer: cuMemcpy2D failed");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mtx);
+		if (m_displayed) av_frame_unref(m_displayed);
+		m_displayed = frame;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+#endif

Plugins/ZShell/Internal/videoplayer.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <EGL/egl.h>
+
+#include <cuda.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <functional>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <QSize>
+#include <QString>
+
+extern "C" {
+#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
+#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
+#include <libavutil/buffer.h>
+#include <libavutil/frame.h>
+#include <libavutil/hwcontext.h>
+#include <libavutil/hwcontext_cuda.h>
+#include <libavutil/pixfmt.h>
+#include <libavutil/pixdesc.h>
+}
+
+class VideoPlayer {
+	public:
+	explicit VideoPlayer(EGLDisplay display);
+	~VideoPlayer();
+
+	void setReadyCallback(std::function<void()> callback);
+	void setFrameCallback(std::function<void()> callback);
+
+	bool start(const QString& path);
+	void stop();
+
+
+	bool importCurrentFrame();
+
+	void deleteTexture();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] uint32_t textureId() const { return m_texY; }
+	[[nodiscard]] uint32_t chromaTextureId() const { return m_texUV; }
+	[[nodiscard]] int colorMatrix() const { return m_matrix; }
+	[[nodiscard]] int colorRange() const { return m_range; }
+	[[nodiscard]] QSize frameSize() const;
+
+	private:
+	void decodeLoop(const QString& path);
+	bool openDecoder(const QString& path);
+	void closeDecoder();
+
+	bool ensureTextures(unsigned w, unsigned h, int compBytes);
+
+	bool ensureCudaContext();
+
+	EGLDisplay m_eglDisplay;
+	std::function<void()> m_readyCb;
+	std::function<void()> m_frameCb;
+
+	std::thread m_thread;
+	std::atomic<bool> m_threadRunning{false};
+
+	mutable std::mutex m_mtx;
+	AVFrame* m_pending = nullptr;
+	bool m_haveFrame = false;
+
+	AVFrame* m_displayed = nullptr;
+
+	AVFormatContext* m_fmt = nullptr;
+	AVCodecContext* m_codec = nullptr;
+	AVBufferRef* m_hwDeviceCtx = nullptr;
+	int m_streamIndex = -1;
+
+	CUcontext m_cuCtx = nullptr;
+	CUgraphicsResource m_resY = nullptr;
+	CUgraphicsResource m_resUV = nullptr;
+	QSize m_texSize;
+
+	uint32_t m_texY = 0;
+	uint32_t m_texUV = 0;
+
+	int m_matrix = 1;
+	int m_range = 0;
+	int m_texComp = 1;
+	QSize m_size;
+};

Plugins/ZShell/Internal/wallpaperservice.hpp

@@ -18,6 +18,11 @@
 #include <QtQml/qqml.h>
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
 #include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
+
+#ifdef ZHAVE_VIDEO
+#include "videoplayer.hpp"
+#endif
 
 #include <qwayland-wlr-layer-shell-unstable-v1.h>
 #include <wayland-client-protocol.h>
@@ -39,6 +44,10 @@ class WallpaperService : public QObject {
 
 	Q_PROPERTY(QString path READ path WRITE setPath NOTIFY pathChanged REQUIRED)
 	Q_PROPERTY(QVariantMap crops READ crops WRITE setCrops NOTIFY cropsChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString dbPath READ dbPath WRITE setDbPath NOTIFY dbPathChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		QSize largestBufferSize READ largestBufferSize NOTIFY
+			largestBufferSizeChanged)
 
 	public:
 	explicit WallpaperService(QObject* parent = nullptr);
@@ -47,6 +56,11 @@ class WallpaperService : public QObject {
 	[[nodiscard]] QString path() const;
 	void setPath(const QString& path);
 
+	[[nodiscard]] QSize largestBufferSize() const;
+
+	[[nodiscard]] QString dbPath() const;
+	void setDbPath(const QString& path);
+
 	void addScreen(const QString& screen);
 	void removeScreen(const QString& screen);
 
@@ -57,9 +71,13 @@ class WallpaperService : public QObject {
 
 	Q_INVOKABLE void setCrop(const QString& screen, const QVariantMap& crop);
 
+	Q_INVOKABLE void invalidateCache();
+
 	signals:
 	void pathChanged();
 	void cropsChanged();
+	void dbPathChanged();
+	void largestBufferSizeChanged();
 
 	private:
 	friend class WallpaperSurface;
@@ -77,7 +95,6 @@ class WallpaperService : public QObject {
 	void applyPath(const QString& path);
 
 	void startVideo(const QString& path);
-	void stopVideo();
 	void teardownMpv();
 
 	void initMpvRender();
@@ -87,6 +104,23 @@ class WallpaperService : public QObject {
 	static void* getMpvProcAddress(void* ctx, const char* name);
 	static void mpvUpdate(void* ctx);
 
+#ifdef ZHAVE_VIDEO
+	bool startPlayerVideo(const QString& path);
+	void stopPlayerVideo();
+	[[nodiscard]] uint32_t createVideoProgram();
+	void drawVideoTexture(
+		uint32_t lumaTex,
+		uint32_t chromaTex,
+		int matrix,
+		int range,
+		const QRectF& rect,
+		float sizeW,
+		float sizeH,
+		float srcW,
+		float srcH,
+		float alpha);
+#endif
+
 	void bindGlobals();
 	static void registryGlobal(
 		void* data,
@@ -111,16 +145,18 @@ class WallpaperService : public QObject {
 		float sizeH,
 		float alpha);
 
-	bool decode(const QString& path);
+	[[nodiscard]] QImage decodeImage(
+		const QString& path, const QSize& decodeSize) const;
 
-	bool ensureDecodeSize();
+	[[nodiscard]] QByteArray cachedBlob(const QString& path) const;
 
-	[[nodiscard]] QSize largestBufferSize();
+	void ensureImage();
+
+	void notifyBufferSizes();
 
 	void queue(WallpaperSurface* surface);
 	void queueAll();
 
-	void startDrawing();
 	void loop();
 
 	void present();
@@ -143,6 +179,7 @@ class WallpaperService : public QObject {
 	void addSurface(const QString& screen);
 
 	QString m_path;
+	QString m_dbPath;
 	QStringList m_screens;
 	QVariantMap m_crops;
 
@@ -160,9 +197,15 @@ class WallpaperService : public QObject {
 
 	QProcess* m_transcode = nullptr;
 
-	QSize m_sourceSize;
 	QSize m_decodeSize;
 
+	QImage m_stagedImage;
+	QString m_stagedPath;
+	bool m_stagedReady = false;
+	bool m_decoding = false;
+	QString m_decodePath;
+	bool m_replacementReady = false;
+
 	wl_display* m_display = nullptr;
 	wl_registry* m_registry = nullptr;
 	wl_compositor* m_compositor = nullptr;
@@ -178,10 +221,29 @@ class WallpaperService : public QObject {
 	int m_sizeUniform = -1;
 	int m_cropUniform = -1;
 	int m_alphaUniform = -1;
+	int m_sourceUniform = -1;
+
+	uint32_t m_videoProgram = 0;
+	uint32_t m_vao = 0;
+	int m_videoSizeUniform = -1;
+	int m_videoSrcSizeUniform = -1;
+	int m_videoCropUniform = -1;
+	int m_videoAlphaUniform = -1;
+	int m_videoLumaUniform = -1;
+	int m_videoChromaUniform = -1;
+	int m_videoMatrixUniform = -1;
+	int m_videoRangeUniform = -1;
+	int m_videoChromaOffUniform = -1;
+
+#ifdef ZHAVE_VIDEO
+	std::unique_ptr<VideoPlayer> m_player;
+	bool m_usePlayer = true;
+#endif
 
 	QImage m_previousImage;
 	QVariantMap m_previousCrops;
 	uint32_t m_previousTexture = 0;
+	std::vector<uint32_t> m_orphanTextures;
 	bool m_fading = false;
 	bool m_fadeClockStarted = false;
 	bool m_firstFadeDone = false;

Plugins/ZShell/Internal/wallpapersurface.cpp

@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ void WallpaperSurface::updateBuffer() {
 
 	requestFrame();
 	m_service->queue(this);
+	m_service->notifyBufferSizes();
 }
 
 } // namespace ZShell::internal

Plugins/ZShell/Models/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,7 +2,12 @@ qml_module(ZShell-models
 	URI ZShell.Models
 	SOURCES
 		filesystemmodel.hpp filesystemmodel.cpp
+		wallpaperdb.hpp wallpaperdb.cpp
+		wallpaperutil.hpp
 	LIBRARIES
 		Qt::Gui
+		Qt::Quick
+		Qt::Qml
 		Qt::Concurrent
+		Qt::Sql
 )

Plugins/ZShell/Models/filesystemmodel.cpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <qtconcurrentrun.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <mutex>
 
 namespace ZShell::models {
 
@@ -39,136 +40,43 @@ bool hasVideoExtension(const QString& path) {
 	return kVideoExtensions.contains(QFileInfo(path).suffix().toLower());
 }
 
-QString videoThumbnailPath(const QString& path) {
+const QStringList kHardwareCodecs = {
-	const QFileInfo info(path);
+	"av1",
-
+	"hevc",
-	QString key = QStringLiteral("%1_%2_%3")
+	"h264",
-					  .arg(info.baseName())
+	"vp9",
-					  .arg(info.size())
+	"vp8",
-					  .arg(info.lastModified().toMSecsSinceEpoch() / 1000);
+	"vc1",
-	key.replace(QRegularExpression("[^A-Za-z0-9._-]"), "_");
+	"mpeg2",
-
+	"mpeg2video",
-	return QDir::homePath() + "/.cache/zshell/imagecache/video-previews/" +
+	"mpeg4",
-		   key + "_preview.jpg";
+	"mjpeg",
-}
-
-bool generateVideoThumbnail(const QString& src, const QString& cachePath) {
-	if (QFile::exists(cachePath)) {
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	const QString scale = QStringLiteral(
-		"scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,"
-		"scale=trunc(iw/2)*2:trunc(ih/2)*2");
-
-	auto runProcess = [](const QString& program, const QStringList& args) {
-		QProcess process;
-		process.start(program, args);
-		process.waitForFinished(15000);
-		return qMakePair(process.exitCode(), process.readAllStandardOutput());
 };
 
-	double duration = 0.0;
+bool probeHardwareCodec(const QString& path) {
-	const auto probe = runProcess(
+	QProcess process;
+	process.start(
 		"ffprobe",
 		{
 			"-v",
 			"error",
+			"-select_streams",
+			"v:0",
 			"-show_entries",
-			"format=duration",
+			"stream=codec_name",
 			"-of",
 			"default=nw=1:nk=1",
-			src,
+			path,
 		});
-	if (probe.first == 0) {
+	process.waitForFinished(5000);
-		duration = QString::fromUtf8(probe.second).trimmed().toDouble();
-	}
 
-	const int samples = duration > 0 ? std::min(10, std::max(4, int(duration)))
+	if (process.exitCode() != 0) {
-									 : 8;
-
-	QTemporaryDir tmpDir;
-	if (!tmpDir.isValid()) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	int bestIndex = -1;
+	const QString codec =
-	double bestChroma = -1.0;
+		QString::fromUtf8(process.readAllStandardOutput()).trimmed().toLower();
-	double bestLuma = -1.0;
+	return kHardwareCodecs.contains(codec);
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < samples; ++i) {
-		const double frac = duration > 0 ? (i + 0.5) / samples : 0.0;
-		const QString seek = duration > 0
-								 ? QString::number(frac * duration, 'f', 3)
-								 : QStringLiteral("0");
-
-		const QString framePath =
-			tmpDir.filePath(QStringLiteral("frame_%1.jpg").arg(i));
-
-		runProcess(
-			"ffmpeg",
-			{
-				"-hide_banner",
-				"-loglevel",
-				"error",
-				"-ss",
-				seek,
-				"-i",
-				src,
-				"-frames:v",
-				"1",
-				"-vf",
-				scale,
-				"-pix_fmt",
-				"yuvj420p",
-				"-q:v",
-				"2",
-				"-y",
-				framePath,
-			});
-
-		QImage frame(framePath);
-		if (frame.isNull()) {
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		frame = frame.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGB888);
-
-		double chroma = 0.0;
-		double luma = 0.0;
-		int count = 0;
-		for (int y = 0; y < frame.height(); ++y) {
-			const auto* line = frame.constScanLine(y);
-			for (int x = 0; x < frame.width(); ++x) {
-				const int r = line[x * 3];
-				const int g = line[x * 3 + 1];
-				const int b = line[x * 3 + 2];
-				chroma += std::max({r, g, b}) - std::min({r, g, b});
-				luma += r + g + b;
-				++count;
-			}
-		}
-
-		const int n = std::max(1, count);
-		chroma /= n;
-		luma /= 3.0 * n;
-
-		if (chroma > bestChroma + 0.5 ||
-			(chroma > bestChroma - 0.5 && luma > bestLuma)) {
-			bestChroma = chroma;
-			bestLuma = luma;
-			bestIndex = i;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (bestIndex < 0) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	QDir().mkpath(QFileInfo(cachePath).absolutePath());
-	return QFile::copy(
-		tmpDir.filePath(QStringLiteral("frame_%1.jpg").arg(bestIndex)),
-		cachePath);
 }
 
 FileSystemEntry::FileSystemEntry(
@@ -177,7 +85,6 @@ FileSystemEntry::FileSystemEntry(
 	, m_fileInfo(path)
 	, m_path(path)
 	, m_relativePath(relativePath)
-	, m_thumbnailPath(path)
 	, m_isImageInitialised(false)
 	, m_mimeTypeInitialised(false) {}
 
@@ -227,16 +134,7 @@ bool FileSystemEntry::isVideo() const {
 }
 
 QString FileSystemEntry::thumbnailPath() const {
-	return m_thumbnailPath;
+	return m_path;
-}
-
-void FileSystemEntry::setThumbnailPath(const QString& path) {
-	if (m_thumbnailPath == path) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	m_thumbnailPath = path;
-	emit thumbnailPathChanged();
 }
 
 QString FileSystemEntry::mimeType() const {
@@ -404,6 +302,46 @@ void FileSystemModel::setNameFilters(const QStringList& nameFilters) {
 	update();
 }
 
+bool FileSystemModel::requireHardwareCodec() const {
+	return m_requireHardwareCodec;
+}
+
+void FileSystemModel::setRequireHardwareCodec(bool requireHardwareCodec) {
+	if (m_requireHardwareCodec == requireHardwareCodec) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	m_requireHardwareCodec = requireHardwareCodec;
+	emit requireHardwareCodecChanged();
+
+	update();
+}
+
+bool FileSystemModel::isHardwareVideo(const QString& path) {
+	const QFileInfo info(path);
+	const QString key =
+		path + '|' + QByteArray::number(info.size()) + '|' +
+		QByteArray::number(info.lastModified().toMSecsSinceEpoch() / 1000);
+
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<QMutex> lock(m_codecMutex);
+
+		const auto it = m_codecCache.constFind(key);
+		if (it != m_codecCache.constEnd()) {
+			return it.value();
+		}
+	}
+
+	const bool hardware = probeHardwareCodec(path);
+
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<QMutex> lock(m_codecMutex);
+		m_codecCache.insert(key, hardware);
+	}
+
+	return hardware;
+}
+
 QQmlListProperty<FileSystemEntry> FileSystemModel::entries() {
 	return QQmlListProperty<FileSystemEntry>(this, &m_entries);
 }
@@ -434,14 +372,12 @@ void FileSystemModel::watchDirIfRecursive(const QString& path) {
 				const auto paths = watcher->result();
 				if (currentDir == m_dir && showHidden == m_showHidden &&
 					!paths.isEmpty()) {
-					// Ignore if dir or showHidden has changed
 					m_watcher.addPaths(paths);
 				}
 				watcher->deleteLater();
 			});
 		watcher->setFuture(future);
 	}
-	// NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
 }
 
 void FileSystemModel::update() {
@@ -488,6 +424,7 @@ void FileSystemModel::updateEntriesForDir(const QString& dir) {
 	const auto showHidden = m_showHidden;
 	const auto filter = m_filter;
 	const auto nameFilters = m_nameFilters;
+	const auto requireHardware = m_requireHardwareCodec;
 
 	QSet<QString> oldPaths;
 	for (const auto& entry : std::as_const(m_entries)) {
@@ -495,7 +432,7 @@ void FileSystemModel::updateEntriesForDir(const QString& dir) {
 	}
 
 	const auto future = QtConcurrent::run(
-		[=](QPromise<QPair<QSet<QString>, QSet<QString>>>& promise) {
+		[=, this](QPromise<QPair<QSet<QString>, QSet<QString>>>& promise) {
 			const auto flags = recursive ? QDirIterator::Subdirectories
 										 : QDirIterator::NoIteratorFlags;
 
@@ -553,18 +490,15 @@ void FileSystemModel::updateEntriesForDir(const QString& dir) {
 
 				QString path = iter->next();
 
-				if (filter == Images) {
+				if (hasVideoExtension(path)) {
+					if (requireHardware && !isHardwareVideo(path)) {
+						continue;
+					}
+				} else if (filter == Images || filter == Media) {
 					QImageReader reader(path);
 					if (!reader.canRead()) {
 						continue;
 					}
-				} else if (filter == Media) {
-					if (!hasVideoExtension(path)) {
-						QImageReader reader(path);
-						if (!reader.canRead()) {
-							continue;
-						}
-					}
 				}
 
 				newPaths.insert(path);
@@ -605,31 +539,6 @@ void FileSystemModel::updateEntriesForDir(const QString& dir) {
 		});
 
 	watcher->setFuture(future);
-	// NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
-}
-
-void FileSystemModel::startThumbnailGeneration(FileSystemEntry* entry) {
-	const QPointer<FileSystemEntry> guard(entry);
-	const QString source = entry->path();
-	const QString cachePath = videoThumbnailPath(source);
-
-	const auto future = QtConcurrent::run([source, cachePath]() {
-		return generateVideoThumbnail(source, cachePath);
-	});
-
-	const auto watcher = new QFutureWatcher<bool>(this);
-	connect(
-		watcher,
-		&QFutureWatcher<bool>::finished,
-		this,
-		[guard, cachePath, watcher]() {
-			if (guard && watcher->result()) {
-				guard->setThumbnailPath(cachePath);
-			}
-			watcher->deleteLater();
-		});
-	watcher->setFuture(future);
-	// NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
 }
 
 void FileSystemModel::applyChanges(
@@ -642,7 +551,6 @@ void FileSystemModel::applyChanges(
 	}
 	std::sort(removedIndices.begin(), removedIndices.end(), std::greater<int>());
 
-	// Batch remove old entries
 	int start = -1;
 	int end = -1;
 	for (int idx : std::as_const(removedIndices)) {
@@ -670,14 +578,10 @@ void FileSystemModel::applyChanges(
 		endRemoveRows();
 	}
 
-	// Create new entries
 	QList<FileSystemEntry*> newEntries;
 	for (const auto& path : addedPaths) {
 		auto* entry =
 			new FileSystemEntry(path, m_dir.relativeFilePath(path), this);
-		if (entry->isVideo()) {
-			startThumbnailGeneration(entry);
-		}
 		newEntries << entry;
 	}
 	std::sort(
@@ -687,7 +591,6 @@ void FileSystemModel::applyChanges(
 			return compareEntries(a, b);
 		});
 
-	// Batch insert new entries
 	int insertStart = -1;
 	QList<FileSystemEntry*> batchItems;
 	for (const auto& entry : std::as_const(newEntries)) {

Plugins/ZShell/Models/filesystemmodel.hpp

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 #include <qdir.h>
 #include <qfilesystemwatcher.h>
 #include <qfuture.h>
+#include <qhash.h>
 #include <qimagereader.h>
+#include <qmutex.h>
 #include <qmimedatabase.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qqmlintegration.h>
@@ -29,8 +31,7 @@ class FileSystemEntry : public QObject {
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool isDir READ isDir CONSTANT)
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool isImage READ isImage CONSTANT)
 	Q_PROPERTY(bool isVideo READ isVideo CONSTANT)
-	Q_PROPERTY(
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString thumbnailPath READ thumbnailPath CONSTANT)
-		QString thumbnailPath READ thumbnailPath NOTIFY thumbnailPathChanged)
 	Q_PROPERTY(QString mimeType READ mimeType CONSTANT)
 
 	public:
@@ -52,20 +53,16 @@ class FileSystemEntry : public QObject {
 	[[nodiscard]] QString thumbnailPath() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] QString mimeType() const;
 
-	void setThumbnailPath(const QString& path);
-
 	void updateRelativePath(const QDir& dir);
 
 	signals:
 	void relativePathChanged();
-	void thumbnailPathChanged();
 
 	private:
 	const QFileInfo m_fileInfo;
 
 	const QString m_path;
 	QString m_relativePath;
-	QString m_thumbnailPath;
 
 	mutable bool m_isImage;
 	mutable bool m_isImageInitialised;
@@ -94,6 +91,9 @@ class FileSystemModel : public QAbstractListModel {
 	Q_PROPERTY(
 		QStringList nameFilters READ nameFilters WRITE setNameFilters NOTIFY
 			nameFiltersChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		bool requireHardwareCodec READ requireHardwareCodec WRITE
+			setRequireHardwareCodec NOTIFY requireHardwareCodecChanged)
 
 	Q_PROPERTY(
 		QQmlListProperty<ZShell::models::FileSystemEntry> entries READ entries
@@ -132,6 +132,9 @@ class FileSystemModel : public QAbstractListModel {
 	[[nodiscard]] QStringList nameFilters() const;
 	void setNameFilters(const QStringList& nameFilters);
 
+	[[nodiscard]] bool requireHardwareCodec() const;
+	void setRequireHardwareCodec(bool requireHardwareCodec);
+
 	[[nodiscard]] QQmlListProperty<FileSystemEntry> entries();
 
 	signals:
@@ -142,6 +145,7 @@ class FileSystemModel : public QAbstractListModel {
 	void sortReverseChanged();
 	void filterChanged();
 	void nameFiltersChanged();
+	void requireHardwareCodecChanged();
 	void entriesChanged();
 
 	private:
@@ -157,6 +161,10 @@ class FileSystemModel : public QAbstractListModel {
 	bool m_sortReverse;
 	Filter m_filter;
 	QStringList m_nameFilters;
+	bool m_requireHardwareCodec = false;
+
+	QHash<QString, bool> m_codecCache;
+	QMutex m_codecMutex;
 
 	void watchDirIfRecursive(const QString& path);
 	void update();
@@ -165,7 +173,7 @@ class FileSystemModel : public QAbstractListModel {
 	void updateEntriesForDir(const QString& dir);
 	void applyChanges(
 		const QSet<QString>& removedPaths, const QSet<QString>& addedPaths);
-	void startThumbnailGeneration(FileSystemEntry* entry);
+	[[nodiscard]] bool isHardwareVideo(const QString& path);
 	[[nodiscard]] bool compareEntries(
 		const FileSystemEntry* a, const FileSystemEntry* b) const;
 };

Plugins/ZShell/Models/wallpaperdb.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,746 @@
+#include "wallpaperdb.hpp"
+#include "wallpaperutil.hpp"
+
+#include <QtQuick/qquickimageprovider.h>
+#include <qbytearray.h>
+#include <qdiriterator.h>
+#include <qelapsedtimer.h>
+#include <qfuturewatcher.h>
+#include <qimage.h>
+#include <qimagereader.h>
+#include <qlogging.h>
+#include <qqmlengine.h>
+#include <qsqldatabase.h>
+#include <qsqlerror.h>
+#include <qsqlquery.h>
+#include <qtconcurrentrun.h>
+#include <quuid.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+Q_LOGGING_CATEGORY(dbLog, "ZShell.Internal.wallpaper.db", QtWarningMsg)
+
+namespace ZShell::models {
+
+class WallpaperImageProvider : public QQuickImageProvider {
+	public:
+	explicit WallpaperImageProvider(const QString& dbPath)
+		: QQuickImageProvider(QQuickImageProvider::Image), m_dbPath(dbPath) {}
+
+	QImage requestImage(
+		const QString& id, QSize* size, const QSize& requestedSize) override {
+		const QString path =
+			QString::fromUtf8(QByteArray::fromHex(id.toUtf8()));
+		if (path.isEmpty() || !openThreadDb()) {
+			return {};
+		}
+
+		QSqlQuery query(QSqlDatabase::database(m_threadUuid));
+		query.prepare("SELECT cache FROM wallpapers WHERE path = ?");
+		query.addBindValue(path);
+
+		if (!query.exec() || !query.next()) {
+			return {};
+		}
+
+		const QByteArray bytes = query.value(0).toByteArray();
+		if (bytes.isEmpty()) {
+			return {};
+		}
+
+		QImage image = QImage::fromData(bytes, "JPEG");
+		if (image.isNull()) {
+			return {};
+		}
+
+		if (size) {
+			*size = image.size();
+		}
+
+		if (requestedSize.isValid() && !requestedSize.isEmpty() &&
+			(image.width() > requestedSize.width() ||
+			 image.height() > requestedSize.height())) {
+			image = image.scaled(
+				requestedSize, Qt::KeepAspectRatio, Qt::SmoothTransformation);
+		}
+
+		return image;
+	}
+
+	private:
+	bool openThreadDb() {
+		if (!m_threadUuid.isEmpty()) {
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		if (m_dbPath.isEmpty()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		const QString uuid = QUuid::createUuid().toString(QUuid::WithoutBraces);
+
+		auto db = QSqlDatabase::addDatabase("QSQLITE", uuid);
+		db.setConnectOptions("QSQLITE_OPEN_READONLY");
+		db.setDatabaseName(m_dbPath);
+
+		if (!db.open()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		QSqlQuery query(db);
+		query.exec("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL");
+
+		m_threadUuid = uuid;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	const QString m_dbPath;
+	thread_local static QString m_threadUuid;
+};
+
+thread_local QString WallpaperImageProvider::m_threadUuid;
+
+WallpaperEntry::WallpaperEntry(
+	const QString& path, const QString& relativePath, QObject* parent)
+	: QObject(parent)
+	, m_fileInfo(path)
+	, m_path(path)
+	, m_relativePath(relativePath) {}
+
+QString WallpaperEntry::path() const {
+	return m_path;
+}
+
+QString WallpaperEntry::relativePath() const {
+	return m_relativePath;
+}
+
+QString WallpaperEntry::name() const {
+	return m_fileInfo.fileName();
+}
+
+QString WallpaperEntry::baseName() const {
+	return m_fileInfo.baseName();
+}
+
+QString WallpaperEntry::parentDir() const {
+	return m_fileInfo.absolutePath();
+}
+
+QString WallpaperEntry::suffix() const {
+	return m_fileInfo.completeSuffix();
+}
+
+qint64 WallpaperEntry::size() const {
+	return m_fileInfo.size();
+}
+
+bool WallpaperEntry::isImage() const {
+	return !hasVideoExtension(m_path);
+}
+
+bool WallpaperEntry::isVideo() const {
+	return hasVideoExtension(m_path);
+}
+
+bool WallpaperEntry::hardware() const {
+	return m_hardware;
+}
+
+bool WallpaperEntry::cached() const {
+	return !m_thumbnailPath.isEmpty();
+}
+
+QString WallpaperEntry::thumbnailPath() const {
+	if (!m_thumbnailPath.isEmpty()) {
+		return m_thumbnailPath;
+	}
+
+	return isImage() ? m_path : QString();
+}
+
+void WallpaperEntry::setRelativePath(const QString& path) {
+	if (m_relativePath == path) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	m_relativePath = path;
+	emit relativePathChanged();
+}
+
+void WallpaperEntry::setHardware(bool hardware) {
+	if (m_hardware == hardware) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	m_hardware = hardware;
+	emit hardwareChanged();
+}
+
+void WallpaperEntry::setThumbnailPath(const QString& path) {
+	if (m_thumbnailPath == path) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	m_thumbnailPath = path;
+	emit thumbnailPathChanged();
+}
+
+WallpaperDb::WallpaperDb(QObject* parent) : QObject(parent) {
+	m_uuid = QUuid::createUuid().toString(QUuid::WithoutBraces);
+	m_dbPath = QDir::homePath() + "/.local/state/zshell/wallpapers.sqlite";
+
+	m_queueTimer.setInterval(300);
+	m_queueTimer.setTimerType(Qt::CoarseTimer);
+	QObject::connect(
+		&m_queueTimer, &QTimer::timeout, this, &WallpaperDb::processQueue);
+
+	m_watchTimer.setInterval(400);
+	m_watchTimer.setSingleShot(true);
+	QObject::connect(
+		&m_watcher, &QFileSystemWatcher::directoryChanged, this, [this]() {
+			m_watchTimer.start();
+		});
+	QObject::connect(
+		&m_watchTimer, &QTimer::timeout, this, &WallpaperDb::scanDir);
+}
+
+WallpaperDb::~WallpaperDb() {
+	if (QSqlDatabase::contains(m_uuid)) {
+		{
+			auto db = QSqlDatabase::database(m_uuid, false);
+			if (db.isValid()) {
+				db.close();
+			}
+		}
+
+		QSqlDatabase::removeDatabase(m_uuid);
+	}
+}
+
+QString WallpaperDb::path() const {
+	return m_path;
+}
+
+void WallpaperDb::setPath(const QString& path) {
+	if (m_path == path) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	m_path = path;
+	m_dir = QDir(path);
+	emit pathChanged();
+
+	for (const auto& dir : m_watcher.directories()) {
+		m_watcher.removePath(dir);
+	}
+
+	scanDir();
+}
+
+QString WallpaperDb::dbPath() const {
+	return m_dbPath;
+}
+
+void WallpaperDb::setDbPath(const QString& path) {
+	if (m_dbPath == path) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	m_dbPath = path;
+	emit dbPathChanged();
+
+	if (!m_path.isEmpty()) {
+		scanDir();
+	}
+}
+
+bool WallpaperDb::requireHardwareCodec() const {
+	return m_requireHardwareCodec;
+}
+
+void WallpaperDb::setRequireHardwareCodec(bool requireHardwareCodec) {
+	if (m_requireHardwareCodec == requireHardwareCodec) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	m_requireHardwareCodec = requireHardwareCodec;
+	emit requireHardwareCodecChanged();
+
+	rebuildEntries();
+}
+
+QQmlListProperty<WallpaperEntry> WallpaperDb::entries() {
+	return QQmlListProperty<WallpaperEntry>(this, &m_entries);
+}
+
+QString WallpaperDb::thumbnailUrl(const QString& path) {
+	return QStringLiteral("image:
+		   + QString::fromUtf8(path.toUtf8().toHex());
+}
+
+QSize WallpaperDb::cacheSize() const {
+	return m_cacheSize;
+}
+
+void WallpaperDb::setCacheSize(const QSize& cacheSize) {
+	if (m_cacheSize == cacheSize) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const QSize prev = m_cacheSize;
+	const bool hadPrevious = !prev.isEmpty();
+
+	m_cacheSize = cacheSize;
+	emit cacheSizeChanged();
+
+	if (hadPrevious && qint64(cacheSize.width()) * cacheSize.height() >
+						   qint64(prev.width()) * prev.height()) {
+		const auto db = QSqlDatabase::database(m_uuid, false);
+
+		for (auto* entry : std::as_const(m_byPath)) {
+			if (!entry->cached()) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if (db.isOpen()) {
+				QSqlQuery query(db);
+				query.prepare(
+					"UPDATE wallpapers SET cache = NULL, scheme_thumb = NULL"
+					" WHERE path = ?");
+				query.addBindValue(entry->path());
+				query.exec();
+			}
+
+			entry->setThumbnailPath(QString());
+			queueMetadata(entry, entry->isVideo());
+		}
+
+		rebuildEntries();
+	}
+
+	if (!m_queue.isEmpty() && !m_queueTimer.isActive()) {
+		m_queueTimer.start();
+	}
+}
+
+void WallpaperDb::registerProvider() {
+	if (m_provider != nullptr) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	auto* engine = qmlEngine(this);
+	if (engine == nullptr) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	m_provider = new WallpaperImageProvider(m_dbPath);
+	engine->addImageProvider(QStringLiteral("wallpapers"), m_provider);
+}
+
+void WallpaperDb::openDb() {
+	if (m_dbPath.isEmpty()) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (QSqlDatabase::contains(m_uuid)) {
+		{
+			auto db = QSqlDatabase::database(m_uuid, false);
+			if (db.isOpen() && db.databaseName() == m_dbPath) {
+				registerProvider();
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if (db.isValid()) {
+				db.close();
+			}
+		}
+
+		QSqlDatabase::removeDatabase(m_uuid);
+	}
+
+	QDir().mkpath(QFileInfo(m_dbPath).absolutePath());
+
+	auto db = QSqlDatabase::addDatabase("QSQLITE", m_uuid);
+	db.setDatabaseName(m_dbPath);
+
+	if (!db.open()) {
+		qWarning(dbLog) << "WallpaperDb: could not open database" << m_dbPath
+						<< db.lastError();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	QSqlQuery query(db);
+	query.exec("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL");
+	query.exec(
+		"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS wallpapers("
+		"path TEXT PRIMARY KEY, kind TEXT, codec TEXT, hardware INTEGER,"
+		" size INTEGER, mtime INTEGER, cache BLOB, scheme_thumb BLOB)");
+
+	query.exec("SELECT cache FROM wallpapers LIMIT 1");
+	if (query.lastError().isValid()) {
+		query.exec("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS wallpapers");
+		query.exec(
+			"CREATE TABLE wallpapers("
+			"path TEXT PRIMARY KEY, kind TEXT, codec TEXT, hardware INTEGER,"
+			" size INTEGER, mtime INTEGER, cache BLOB, scheme_thumb BLOB)");
+	} else {
+		query.exec("ALTER TABLE wallpapers ADD COLUMN scheme_thumb BLOB");
+	}
+
+	registerProvider();
+}
+
+void WallpaperDb::scanDir() {
+	openDb();
+
+	watchDir(m_dir.absolutePath());
+
+	if (!m_dir.exists()) {
+		if (!m_entries.isEmpty()) {
+			m_entries.clear();
+			emit entriesChanged();
+		}
+
+		return;
+	}
+
+	auto* watcher = new QFutureWatcher<ScanResult>(this);
+	QObject::connect(
+		watcher, &QFutureWatcher<ScanResult>::finished, this, [this, watcher]() {
+			applyScan(watcher->result());
+			watcher->deleteLater();
+		});
+
+	const QDir dir = m_dir;
+
+	QHash<QString, QPair<qint64, bool>> knownCodecs;
+	for (const auto* entry : std::as_const(m_byPath)) {
+		if (entry->isVideo()) {
+			knownCodecs.insert(
+				entry->path(), qMakePair(entry->size(), entry->hardware()));
+		}
+	}
+
+	watcher->setFuture(QtConcurrent::run([dir, knownCodecs]() {
+		ScanResult result;
+		result.dir = dir;
+
+		QDirIterator it(dir.absolutePath(), QDirIterator::Subdirectories);
+		while (it.hasNext()) {
+			const QString path = it.next();
+			const QFileInfo info(path);
+
+			if (info.isDir()) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if (hasVideoExtension(path)) {
+				FileEntry file;
+				file.info = info;
+
+				const auto known = knownCodecs.constFind(path);
+				if (known != knownCodecs.constEnd() &&
+					known.value().first == info.size()) {
+					file.hardware = known.value().second;
+				} else {
+					file.hardware = probeHardwareCodec(path);
+				}
+
+				result.files.append(file);
+			} else {
+				QImageReader reader(path);
+				if (reader.canRead()) {
+					FileEntry file;
+					file.info = info;
+					result.files.append(file);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return result;
+	}));
+}
+
+void WallpaperDb::watchDir(const QString& dir) {
+	if (dir.isEmpty() || m_watcher.directories().contains(dir)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!QDir(dir).exists()) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	m_watcher.addPath(dir);
+}
+
+void WallpaperDb::applyScan(const ScanResult& result) {
+	qCInfo(
+		dbLog,
+		"WallpaperDb: scan of %s found %d files (cache target %dx%d)",
+		m_dir.absolutePath().toUtf8().constData(),
+		int(result.files.size()),
+		m_cacheSize.width(),
+		m_cacheSize.height());
+
+	const auto db = QSqlDatabase::database(m_uuid, false);
+
+	QSet<QString> seen;
+	for (const auto& file : result.files) {
+		seen.insert(file.info.absoluteFilePath());
+	}
+
+	for (auto it = m_byPath.begin(); it != m_byPath.end();) {
+		if (!seen.contains(it.key())) {
+			if (db.isOpen()) {
+				QSqlQuery query(db);
+				query.prepare("DELETE FROM wallpapers WHERE path = ?");
+				query.addBindValue(it.key());
+				query.exec();
+			}
+
+			delete it.value();
+			it = m_byPath.erase(it);
+		} else {
+			++it;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (const auto& file : result.files) {
+		const QFileInfo& info = file.info;
+		const QString path = info.absoluteFilePath();
+
+		const qint64 size = info.size();
+		const qint64 mtime = info.lastModified().toMSecsSinceEpoch() / 1000;
+		const bool isVideo = hasVideoExtension(path);
+
+		watchDir(info.absolutePath());
+
+		const auto existing = m_byPath.constFind(path);
+		if (existing != m_byPath.constEnd()) {
+			if (existing.value()->size() == size) {
+				existing.value()->setHardware(file.hardware);
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		WallpaperEntry* entry = m_byPath.value(path);
+		if (!entry) {
+			entry =
+				new WallpaperEntry(path, m_dir.relativeFilePath(path), this);
+			m_byPath.insert(path, entry);
+		}
+
+		entry->setHardware(file.hardware);
+
+		bool reused = false;
+		if (db.isOpen()) {
+			QSqlQuery query(db);
+			query.prepare(
+				"SELECT cache, scheme_thumb, size, mtime FROM wallpapers"
+				" WHERE path = ?");
+			query.addBindValue(path);
+			query.exec();
+
+			if (query.next()) {
+				const auto cache = query.value(0).toByteArray();
+				const auto scheme = query.value(1).toByteArray();
+				const auto storedSize = query.value(2).toLongLong();
+				const auto storedMtime = query.value(3).toLongLong();
+
+				if (storedSize == size && storedMtime == mtime &&
+					!cache.isEmpty()) {
+					reused = true;
+					entry->setThumbnailPath(thumbnailUrl(path));
+
+					if (scheme.isEmpty()) {
+						queueMetadata(entry, isVideo, cache);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!reused) {
+			if (db.isOpen()) {
+				QSqlQuery query(db);
+				query.prepare(
+					"INSERT OR REPLACE INTO wallpapers"
+					" (path, kind, hardware, size, mtime, cache)"
+					" VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, NULL)");
+				query.addBindValue(path);
+				query.addBindValue(isVideo ? "video" : "image");
+				query.addBindValue(
+					isVideo ? (file.hardware ? 1 : 0) : QVariant());
+				query.addBindValue(size);
+				query.addBindValue(mtime);
+				if (!query.exec()) {
+					qWarning(dbLog)
+						<< "WallpaperDb: could not store the row for" << path
+						<< query.lastError();
+				}
+			}
+
+			queueMetadata(entry, isVideo);
+		}
+	}
+
+	rebuildEntries();
+}
+
+void WallpaperDb::queueMetadata(
+	WallpaperEntry* entry, bool isVideo, const QByteArray& existingCache) {
+	qCInfo(
+		dbLog,
+		"WallpaperDb: queued cache job for %s (%s%s)",
+		entry->path().toUtf8().constData(),
+		isVideo ? "video" : "image",
+		existingCache.isEmpty() ? "" : ", existing blob");
+
+	m_queue.append(MetadataJob{entry, entry->path(), isVideo, existingCache});
+
+	if (!m_queueTimer.isActive()) {
+		m_queueTimer.start();
+	}
+}
+
+void WallpaperDb::processQueue() {
+	if (m_jobRunning) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (m_queue.isEmpty()) {
+		m_queueTimer.stop();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (m_cacheSize.isEmpty()) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const MetadataJob job = m_queue.takeFirst();
+	m_jobRunning = true;
+
+	qCInfo(
+		dbLog,
+		"WallpaperDb: caching %s (%s, %d jobs left in queue)",
+		job.path.toUtf8().constData(),
+		job.isVideo ? "video" : "image",
+		int(m_queue.size()));
+
+	runMetadataJob(job);
+}
+
+void WallpaperDb::runMetadataJob(const MetadataJob& job) {
+	struct CacheResult {
+		QString path;
+		QByteArray cache;
+		QByteArray scheme;
+	};
+
+	const QSize cacheSize = m_cacheSize;
+
+	QElapsedTimer clock;
+	clock.start();
+
+	auto* watcher = new QFutureWatcher<CacheResult>(this);
+	QObject::connect(
+		watcher,
+		&QFutureWatcher<CacheResult>::finished,
+		this,
+		[this, watcher, clock]() {
+			const auto result = watcher->result();
+
+			qCInfo(
+				dbLog,
+				"WallpaperDb: %s produced %d bytes of cache in %dms",
+				result.path.toUtf8().constData(),
+				int(result.cache.size()),
+				int(clock.elapsed()));
+
+			if (QSqlDatabase::contains(m_uuid)) {
+				const auto db = QSqlDatabase::database(m_uuid, false);
+				if (db.isOpen()) {
+					QSqlQuery query(db);
+					query.prepare(
+						"UPDATE wallpapers SET cache = ?, scheme_thumb = ?"
+						" WHERE path = ?");
+					query.addBindValue(result.cache);
+					query.addBindValue(result.scheme);
+					query.addBindValue(result.path);
+					if (!query.exec()) {
+						qWarning(dbLog)
+							<< "WallpaperDb: could not store the cache for"
+							<< result.path << query.lastError();
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (!result.cache.isEmpty()) {
+				if (auto* entry = m_byPath.value(result.path)) {
+					entry->setThumbnailPath(thumbnailUrl(result.path));
+				}
+
+				emit cacheStored(result.path);
+			}
+
+			m_jobRunning = false;
+			rebuildEntries();
+			watcher->deleteLater();
+		});
+
+	watcher->setFuture(QtConcurrent::run([job, cacheSize]() {
+		CacheResult result;
+		result.path = job.path;
+
+		QByteArray cache = job.existingCache;
+		if (cache.isEmpty()) {
+			cache = job.isVideo ? videoCacheBytes(job.path, cacheSize)
+								: imageCacheBytes(job.path, cacheSize);
+		}
+
+		result.cache = cache;
+		result.scheme = cache.isEmpty() ? QByteArray()
+										: schemeThumbBytes(cache, 128);
+
+		return result;
+	}));
+}
+
+void WallpaperDb::rebuildEntries() {
+	QList<WallpaperEntry*> next;
+	next.reserve(m_byPath.size());
+
+	for (auto* entry : std::as_const(m_byPath)) {
+		if (entryAllowed(entry)) {
+			next.append(entry);
+		}
+	}
+
+	std::sort(
+		next.begin(),
+		next.end(),
+		[](const WallpaperEntry* a, const WallpaperEntry* b) {
+			return a->relativePath() < b->relativePath();
+		});
+
+	if (next == m_entries) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	m_entries = next;
+	emit entriesChanged();
+}
+
+bool WallpaperDb::entryAllowed(const WallpaperEntry* entry) const {
+	if (!entry->isVideo()) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (!m_requireHardwareCodec) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return entry->hardware();
+}
+
+} // namespace ZShell::models

Plugins/ZShell/Models/wallpaperdb.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <qbytearray.h>
+#include <qdir.h>
+#include <qfileinfo.h>
+#include <qfilesystemwatcher.h>
+#include <qhash.h>
+#include <qlist.h>
+#include <qobject.h>
+#include <qqmlintegration.h>
+#include <qqmllist.h>
+#include <qsize.h>
+#include <qtimer.h>
+#include <qvector.h>
+
+namespace ZShell::models {
+
+class WallpaperImageProvider;
+
+class WallpaperEntry : public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT
+	QML_ELEMENT
+	QML_UNCREATABLE(
+		"WallpaperEntry instances can only be retrieved from a WallpaperDb")
+
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString path READ path CONSTANT)
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString relativePath READ relativePath NOTIFY relativePathChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString name READ name CONSTANT)
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString baseName READ baseName CONSTANT)
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString parentDir READ parentDir CONSTANT)
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString suffix READ suffix CONSTANT)
+	Q_PROPERTY(qint64 size READ size CONSTANT)
+	Q_PROPERTY(bool isImage READ isImage CONSTANT)
+	Q_PROPERTY(bool isVideo READ isVideo CONSTANT)
+	Q_PROPERTY(bool hardware READ hardware NOTIFY hardwareChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		QString thumbnailPath READ thumbnailPath NOTIFY thumbnailPathChanged)
+
+	public:
+	explicit WallpaperEntry(
+		const QString& path,
+		const QString& relativePath,
+		QObject* parent = nullptr);
+
+	[[nodiscard]] QString path() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString relativePath() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString name() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString baseName() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString parentDir() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString suffix() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] qint64 size() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] bool isImage() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] bool isVideo() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] bool hardware() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] bool cached() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] QString thumbnailPath() const;
+
+	void setRelativePath(const QString& path);
+	void setHardware(bool hardware);
+	void setThumbnailPath(const QString& path);
+
+	signals:
+	void relativePathChanged();
+	void hardwareChanged();
+	void thumbnailPathChanged();
+
+	private:
+	const QFileInfo m_fileInfo;
+
+	const QString m_path;
+	QString m_relativePath;
+	QString m_thumbnailPath;
+	bool m_hardware = false;
+};
+
+class WallpaperDb : public QObject {
+	Q_OBJECT
+	QML_ELEMENT
+
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString path READ path WRITE setPath NOTIFY pathChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(QString dbPath READ dbPath WRITE setDbPath NOTIFY dbPathChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		bool requireHardwareCodec READ requireHardwareCodec WRITE
+			setRequireHardwareCodec NOTIFY requireHardwareCodecChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		QQmlListProperty<ZShell::models::WallpaperEntry> entries READ entries
+			NOTIFY entriesChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		QSize cacheSize READ cacheSize WRITE setCacheSize NOTIFY
+			cacheSizeChanged)
+
+	public:
+	explicit WallpaperDb(QObject* parent = nullptr);
+	~WallpaperDb() override;
+
+	[[nodiscard]] QString path() const;
+	void setPath(const QString& path);
+
+	[[nodiscard]] QString dbPath() const;
+	void setDbPath(const QString& path);
+
+	[[nodiscard]] bool requireHardwareCodec() const;
+	void setRequireHardwareCodec(bool requireHardwareCodec);
+
+	[[nodiscard]] QQmlListProperty<WallpaperEntry> entries();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] QSize cacheSize() const;
+	void setCacheSize(const QSize& cacheSize);
+
+	[[nodiscard]] static QString thumbnailUrl(const QString& path);
+
+	signals:
+	void pathChanged();
+	void dbPathChanged();
+	void requireHardwareCodecChanged();
+	void entriesChanged();
+	void cacheSizeChanged();
+
+	void cacheStored(const QString& path);
+
+	private:
+	struct FileEntry {
+		QFileInfo info;
+		bool hardware = false;
+	};
+
+	struct ScanResult {
+		QVector<FileEntry> files;
+		QDir dir;
+	};
+
+	struct MetadataJob {
+		WallpaperEntry* entry;
+		QString path;
+		bool isVideo;
+		QByteArray existingCache;
+	};
+
+	void openDb();
+	void registerProvider();
+	void scanDir();
+	void watchDir(const QString& dir);
+	void applyScan(const ScanResult& result);
+	void queueMetadata(
+		WallpaperEntry* entry,
+		bool isVideo,
+		const QByteArray& existingCache = {});
+	void processQueue();
+	void runMetadataJob(const MetadataJob& job);
+	void rebuildEntries();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] bool entryAllowed(const WallpaperEntry* entry) const;
+
+	QDir m_dir;
+	QString m_path;
+	QString m_dbPath;
+	QString m_uuid;
+	WallpaperImageProvider* m_provider = nullptr;
+
+	bool m_requireHardwareCodec = false;
+	QSize m_cacheSize;
+
+	QList<WallpaperEntry*> m_entries;
+	QHash<QString, WallpaperEntry*> m_byPath;
+
+	QVector<MetadataJob> m_queue;
+	QTimer m_queueTimer;
+	bool m_jobRunning = false;
+
+	QFileSystemWatcher m_watcher;
+	QTimer m_watchTimer;
+};
+
+} // namespace ZShell::models

Plugins/ZShell/Models/wallpaperutil.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <qbuffer.h>
+#include <qfile.h>
+#include <qfileinfo.h>
+#include <qimage.h>
+#include <qimagereader.h>
+#include <qprocess.h>
+#include <qstring.h>
+#include <qstringlist.h>
+#include <qtemporarydir.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace ZShell::models {
+namespace {
+
+inline const QStringList kVideoExtensions = {
+	"mp4",
+	"mkv",
+	"webm",
+	"avi",
+	"mov",
+	"wmv",
+	"flv",
+	"m4v",
+	"mpg",
+	"mpeg",
+	"3gp",
+	"ogv",
+	"ts",
+	"vob",
+};
+
+inline bool hasVideoExtension(const QString& path) {
+	return kVideoExtensions.contains(QFileInfo(path).suffix().toLower());
+}
+
+inline const QStringList kHardwareCodecs = {
+	"av1",
+	"hevc",
+	"h264",
+	"vp9",
+	"vp8",
+	"vc1",
+	"mpeg2",
+	"mpeg2video",
+	"mpeg4",
+	"mjpeg",
+};
+
+inline bool probeHardwareCodec(const QString& path) {
+	QProcess process;
+	process.start(
+		"ffprobe",
+		{
+			"-v",
+			"error",
+			"-select_streams",
+			"v:0",
+			"-show_entries",
+			"stream=codec_name",
+			"-of",
+			"default=nw=1:nk=1",
+			path,
+		});
+	process.waitForFinished(5000);
+
+	if (process.exitCode() != 0) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	const QString codec =
+		QString::fromUtf8(process.readAllStandardOutput()).trimmed().toLower();
+	return kHardwareCodecs.contains(codec);
+}
+
+inline QSize coverSizeNoUpscale(const QSize& source, const QSize& fit) {
+	if (!source.isValid() || source.isEmpty() || !fit.isValid() ||
+		fit.isEmpty()) {
+		return source;
+	}
+
+	const QSize cover = source.scaled(fit, Qt::KeepAspectRatioByExpanding);
+	if (cover.width() <= source.width() && cover.height() <= source.height()) {
+		return cover;
+	}
+
+	return source;
+}
+
+inline QImage cleanImage(const QImage& src) {
+	QImage out(src.size(), QImage::Format_RGB888);
+	if (out.isNull()) {
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	const auto rowBytes =
+		static_cast<size_t>(std::min(src.bytesPerLine(), out.bytesPerLine()));
+	for (int y = 0; y < src.height(); ++y) {
+		std::memcpy(out.scanLine(y), src.constScanLine(y), rowBytes);
+	}
+
+	return out;
+}
+
+inline QByteArray imageCacheBytes(const QString& path, const QSize& fit) {
+	QImageReader reader(path);
+	reader.setAutoTransform(true);
+
+	const QSize source = reader.size();
+	const QSize target = coverSizeNoUpscale(source, fit);
+	if (target != source && !target.isEmpty()) {
+		reader.setScaledSize(target);
+	}
+
+	QImage image = reader.read();
+	if (image.isNull()) {
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	image = cleanImage(image.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGB888));
+
+	QByteArray bytes;
+	QBuffer buffer(&bytes);
+	if (!buffer.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly) ||
+		!image.save(&buffer, "JPEG", 90)) {
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	return bytes;
+}
+
+inline QByteArray videoCacheBytes(const QString& src, const QSize& fit) {
+	auto runProcess = [](const QString& program, const QStringList& args) {
+		QProcess process;
+		process.start(program, args);
+		if (!process.waitForFinished(15000)) {
+			process.kill();
+			process.waitForFinished(1000);
+		}
+		return qMakePair(process.exitCode(), process.readAllStandardOutput());
+	};
+
+	double duration = 0.0;
+	const auto probe = runProcess(
+		"ffprobe",
+		{
+			"-v",
+			"error",
+			"-show_entries",
+			"format=duration",
+			"-of",
+			"default=nw=1:nk=1",
+			src,
+		});
+	if (probe.first == 0) {
+		duration = QString::fromUtf8(probe.second).trimmed().toDouble();
+	}
+
+	QSize source;
+	const auto resProbe = runProcess(
+		"ffprobe",
+		{
+			"-v",
+			"error",
+			"-select_streams",
+			"v:0",
+			"-show_entries",
+			"stream=width,height",
+			"-of",
+			"csv=s=x:p=0",
+			src,
+		});
+	if (resProbe.first == 0) {
+		const auto parts =
+			QString::fromUtf8(resProbe.second).trimmed().split('x');
+		if (parts.size() == 2) {
+			source = QSize(parts[0].toInt(), parts[1].toInt());
+		}
+	}
+
+	const int samples = duration > 0 ? std::min(10, std::max(4, int(duration)))
+									 : 8;
+
+	QSize target = coverSizeNoUpscale(source, fit);
+	if (target.isEmpty()) {
+		target = fit;
+	}
+
+	target.setWidth(target.width() & ~1);
+	target.setHeight(target.height() & ~1);
+
+	const QString scale =
+		QStringLiteral(
+			"scale=%1:%2:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,"
+			"scale=trunc(iw/2)*2:trunc(ih/2)*2")
+			.arg(target.width())
+			.arg(target.height());
+
+	QTemporaryDir tmpDir;
+	if (!tmpDir.isValid()) {
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	int bestIndex = -1;
+	double bestChroma = -1.0;
+	double bestLuma = -1.0;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < samples; ++i) {
+		const double frac = duration > 0 ? (i + 0.5) / samples : 0.0;
+		const QString seek = duration > 0
+								 ? QString::number(frac * duration, 'f', 3)
+								 : QStringLiteral("0");
+
+		const QString framePath =
+			tmpDir.filePath(QStringLiteral("frame_%1.jpg").arg(i));
+
+		runProcess(
+			"ffmpeg",
+			{
+				"-hide_banner",
+				"-loglevel",
+				"error",
+				"-ss",
+				seek,
+				"-i",
+				src,
+				"-frames:v",
+				"1",
+				"-vf",
+				scale,
+				"-pix_fmt",
+				"yuvj420p",
+				"-q:v",
+				"2",
+				"-y",
+				framePath,
+			});
+
+		QImage frame(framePath);
+		if (frame.isNull()) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		frame = frame.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGB888);
+
+		double chroma = 0.0;
+		double luma = 0.0;
+		int count = 0;
+		for (int y = 0; y < frame.height(); ++y) {
+			const auto* line = frame.constScanLine(y);
+			for (int x = 0; x < frame.width(); ++x) {
+				const int r = line[x * 3];
+				const int g = line[x * 3 + 1];
+				const int b = line[x * 3 + 2];
+				chroma += std::max({r, g, b}) - std::min({r, g, b});
+				luma += r + g + b;
+				++count;
+			}
+		}
+
+		const int n = std::max(1, count);
+		chroma /= n;
+		luma /= 3.0 * n;
+
+		if (chroma > bestChroma + 0.5 ||
+			(chroma > bestChroma - 0.5 && luma > bestLuma)) {
+			bestChroma = chroma;
+			bestLuma = luma;
+			bestIndex = i;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (bestIndex < 0) {
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	QFile frame(tmpDir.filePath(QStringLiteral("frame_%1.jpg").arg(bestIndex)));
+	if (!frame.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	return frame.readAll();
+}
+
+inline QByteArray schemeThumbBytes(const QByteArray& source, int maxSide) {
+	QImage image = QImage::fromData(source, "JPEG");
+	if (image.isNull()) {
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	if (image.width() > maxSide || image.height() > maxSide) {
+		image = image.scaled(
+			maxSide, maxSide, Qt::KeepAspectRatio, Qt::SmoothTransformation);
+	}
+
+	image = cleanImage(image.convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGB888));
+
+	QByteArray bytes;
+	QBuffer buffer(&bytes);
+	if (!buffer.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly) ||
+		!image.save(&buffer, "JPEG", 85)) {
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	return bytes;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+} // namespace ZShell::models

cli/src/zshell/subcommands/scheme.py

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import contextlib
+import io
 import json
 import os
 import re
 import shutil
+import sqlite3
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
@@ -50,6 +52,30 @@ VIDEO_EXTENSIONS = {
 }
 
 
+def scheme_thumb_from_db(db_path: str, wallpaper_path: str) -> bytes | None:
+	if not os.path.exists(db_path):
+		return None
+
+	try:
+		conn = sqlite3.connect(f"file:{db_path}?mode=ro", uri=True)
+	except sqlite3.Error:
+		return None
+
+	try:
+		row = conn.execute(
+			"SELECT scheme_thumb FROM wallpapers WHERE path = ?",
+			(wallpaper_path,),
+		).fetchone()
+	except sqlite3.Error:
+		return None
+	finally:
+		conn.close()
+
+	if row and row[0]:
+		return bytes(row[0])
+	return None
+
+
 def _complete_scheme_name(incomplete):
 	schemes = [
 		"fruit-salad",
@@ -181,6 +207,7 @@ def generate(
 	OUTPUT = Path(HOME + "/.local/state/zshell/scheme.json")
 	SEQ_STATE = Path(HOME + "/.local/state/zshell/sequences.txt")
 	THUMB_DIR = Path(HOME + "/.cache/zshell/imagecache/thumbnails")
+	DB_PATH = Path(HOME + "/.local/state/zshell/wallpapers.sqlite")
 	WALL_DIR_PATH = Path(HOME + "/.local/state/zshell/wallpaper_path.json")
 
 	TEMPLATE_DIR = Path(HOME + "/.config/zshell/templates")
@@ -808,13 +835,20 @@ def generate(
 			seed = hex_to_hct(colors.get("primary", "#000000").lstrip("#"))
 		else:
 			image_path = image_path or Path(WALL_PATH)
+
+			blob = scheme_thumb_from_db(str(DB_PATH), str(image_path))
+			if blob is not None:
+				open_thumb = lambda: io.BytesIO(blob)
+			else:
 				thumb_path = generate_thumbnail(image_path, THUMB_DIR)
-			seed = seed_from_image(thumb_path)
+				open_thumb = lambda: thumb_path
+
+			seed = seed_from_image(open_thumb())
 			name = "dynamic"
 			flavor = "default"
 
 			if smart:
-				effective_mode = smart_mode(thumb_path)
+				effective_mode = smart_mode(open_thumb())
 			elif mode is not None:
 				effective_mode = mode
 			else: