z-bar-qt/Plugins/ZShell/Services/processes.cpp

#include "processes.hpp"

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstdio>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <qbytearray.h>
#include <qbytearrayview.h>
#include <qdir.h>
#include <qfile.h>
#include <qfuturewatcher.h>
#include <qloggingcategory.h>
#include <qthreadpool.h>
#include <qregularexpression.h>
#include <qset.h>
#include <QtConcurrent/qtconcurrentrun.h>

Q_LOGGING_CATEGORY(lcProcessModel, "ZShell.services.processes", QtInfoMsg)

namespace ZShell::services {

namespace {

QVector<QByteArrayView> splitWhitespace(QByteArrayView s) {
	QVector<QByteArrayView> out;
	qsizetype i = 0;
	const qsizetype n = s.size();
	while (i < n) {
		while (i < n && std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[i]))) {
			++i;
		}
		const qsizetype start = i;
		while (i < n && !std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[i]))) {
			++i;
		}
		if (i > start) {
			out.push_back(s.mid(start, i - start));
		}
	}
	return out;
}

qint64 toI64(QByteArrayView v) {
	return QByteArray(v.data(), v.size()).toLongLong();
}

quint64 toU64(QByteArrayView v) {
	return QByteArray(v.data(), v.size()).toULongLong();
}

template <typename T> int cmpVals(const T& a, const T& b) {
	return (a < b) - (a > b);
}

// glibc hides getdents64 behind __USE_MISC; declare directly (no _GNU_SOURCE
// in this project).
extern "C" {
struct ProcDirEnt64 {
	unsigned long d_ino;
	off_t d_off;
	unsigned short d_reclen;
	unsigned char d_type;
	char d_name[1];
};

ssize_t getdents64(int fd, void* dirp, size_t count);
}

// Raw open/read/close instead of QFile: QFSFileEngine issues an extra
// statx per open, and the per-file object churn adds up across ~500
// processes per refresh.
QByteArray readProcFile(const char* path) {
	const int fd = ::open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
	if (fd < 0) {
		return {};
	}
	QByteArray data;
	char buf[4096];
	for (;;) {
		const ssize_t n = ::read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
		if (n < 0) {
			if (errno == EINTR) {
				continue;
			}
			break;
		}
		if (n == 0) {
			break;
		}
		data.append(buf, static_cast<qsizetype>(n));
	}
	::close(fd);
	return data;
}

void procPath(char* out, size_t size, pid_t pid, const char* what) {
	::snprintf(out, size, "/proc/%d/%s", static_cast<int>(pid), what);
}

QVector<pid_t> listProcPids() {
	QVector<pid_t> pids;
	const int fd = ::openat(AT_FDCWD, "/proc", O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
	if (fd < 0) {
		return pids;
	}

	std::array<char, 256 * 1024> buf;
	for (;;) {
		const ssize_t n = ::getdents64(
			fd, reinterpret_cast<ProcDirEnt64*>(buf.data()), buf.size());
		if (n <= 0) {
			break;
		}
		for (ssize_t off = 0; off < n;) {
			const auto* d =
				reinterpret_cast<const ProcDirEnt64*>(buf.data() + off);
			if (d->d_type == DT_DIR) {
				bool ok = false;
				const long v = QByteArray(d->d_name).toLong(&ok);
				if (ok && v > 0) {
					pids.push_back(static_cast<pid_t>(v));
				}
			}
			off += static_cast<ssize_t>(d->d_reclen);
		}
	}
	::close(fd);
	return pids;
}


struct FuzzyText {
	QString chars;
	QVector<quint8> classes;
};

constexpr int kFuzzyScoreMatch = 16;
constexpr int kFuzzyScoreGapStart = -3;
constexpr int kFuzzyScoreGapExtension = -1;
constexpr int kFuzzyBonusBoundary = kFuzzyScoreMatch / 2;
constexpr int kFuzzyBonusNonWord = kFuzzyScoreMatch / 2;
constexpr int kFuzzyBonusCamel123 =
	kFuzzyBonusBoundary + kFuzzyScoreGapExtension;
constexpr int kFuzzyBonusConsecutive =
	-(kFuzzyScoreGapStart + kFuzzyScoreGapExtension);
constexpr int kFuzzyFirstCharMultiplier = 2;

int fuzzyCharClass(QChar c) {
	if (c.isLower()) {
		return 1;
	}
	if (c.isUpper()) {
		return 2;
	}
	if (c.isDigit() || c.category() == QChar::Number_Other) {
		return 4;
	}
	if (c.isLetter()) {
		return 3;
	}
	return 0;
}

int fuzzyBonusFor(int prevClass, int currClass) {
	if (prevClass == 0 && currClass != 0) {
		return kFuzzyBonusBoundary;
	}
	if ((prevClass == 1 && currClass == 2) ||
		(prevClass != 4 && currClass == 4)) {
		return kFuzzyBonusCamel123;
	}
	if (currClass == 0) {
		return kFuzzyBonusNonWord;
	}
	return 0;
}

FuzzyText fuzzyPrepare(const QString& src) {
	FuzzyText out;
	const QString decomposed = src.normalized(QString::NormalizationForm_D);
	out.chars.reserve(decomposed.size());
	out.classes.reserve(decomposed.size());
	for (int i = 0; i < decomposed.size(); ++i) {
		const QChar c = decomposed.at(i);
		const uint cp = c.unicode();
		if (cp >= 0x0300 && cp <= 0x036F) {
			continue;
		}
		out.classes.append(static_cast<quint8>(fuzzyCharClass(c)));
		out.chars.append(c.toLower());
	}
	return out;
}

int fuzzyTermScore(
	const FuzzyText& text, const QString& term, int* matchEnd = nullptr) {
	const int n = static_cast<int>(text.chars.size());
	const int m = static_cast<int>(term.size());
	if (m == 0) {
		if (matchEnd) {
			*matchEnd = 0;
		}
		return 0;
	}
	if (m > n) {
		return -1;
	}

	int pidx = 0;
	int sidx = -1;
	int eidx = -1;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		if (text.chars.at(i) == term.at(pidx)) {
			if (sidx < 0) {
				sidx = i;
			}
			++pidx;
			if (pidx == m) {
				eidx = i + 1;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	if (eidx < 0) {
		return -1;
	}

	pidx = m - 1;
	for (int i = eidx - 1; i >= sidx; --i) {
		if (text.chars.at(i) == term.at(pidx)) {
			--pidx;
			if (pidx < 0) {
				sidx = i;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	if (matchEnd) {
		*matchEnd = eidx;
	}

	int score = 0;
	pidx = 0;
	bool inGap = false;
	int consecutive = 0;
	int firstBonus = 0;
	int prevClass = sidx > 0 ? text.classes.at(sidx - 1) : 0;
	for (int i = sidx; i < eidx; ++i) {
		const int cc = text.classes.at(i);
		if (text.chars.at(i) == term.at(pidx)) {
			score += kFuzzyScoreMatch;
			int bonus = fuzzyBonusFor(prevClass, cc);
			if (consecutive == 0) {
				firstBonus = bonus;
			} else {
				if (bonus == kFuzzyBonusBoundary) {
					firstBonus = bonus;
				}
				bonus = qMax(bonus, qMax(firstBonus, kFuzzyBonusConsecutive));
			}
			score += (pidx == 0) ? bonus * kFuzzyFirstCharMultiplier : bonus;
			inGap = false;
			++consecutive;
			++pidx;
		} else {
			score += inGap ? kFuzzyScoreGapExtension : kFuzzyScoreGapStart;
			inGap = true;
			consecutive = 0;
			firstBonus = 0;
		}
		prevClass = cc;
	}
	return score;
}

int fuzzyQueryScore(const FuzzyText& text, const QStringList& terms) {
	int score = 0;
	int from = 0;
	for (const QString& term : terms) {
		const FuzzyText rest{text.chars.mid(from), text.classes.mid(from)};
		int end = 0;
		const int s = fuzzyTermScore(rest, term, &end);
		if (s < 0) {
			return -1;
		}
		score += s;
		from += end;
	}
	return score;
}

const QSet<QString>& launcherWrappers() {
	static const QSet<QString> s = {
		"flatpak",
		"env",
		"distrobox",
		"distrobox-enter",
		"toolbox",
		"toolbox-enter",
		"toolbx",
		"toolbx-enter",
	};
	return s;
}

const QSet<QString>& cmdlineInterpreters() {
	static const QSet<QString> s = {
		"sh",
		"bash",
		"dash",
		"zsh",
		"fish",
		"ash",
		"python",
		"python2",
		"python3",
		"node",
		"nodejs",
		"perl",
		"ruby",
		"lua",
		"php",
		"java",
		"dotnet",
	};
	return s;
}

const QHash<QString, QString>& execNameExceptions() {
	static const QHash<QString, QString> s = {
		{"firefox-bin", "firefox"},
		{"soffice.bin", "libreoffice"},
		{"oosplash", "libreoffice"},
		{"gnome-terminal-server", "gnome-terminal"},
		{"chrome", "google-chrome-stable"},
	};
	return s;
}

QString sanitizeExec(const QString& execLine, const QStringList& pathDirs) {
	const QStringList tokens =
		execLine.split(QRegularExpression("\\s+"), Qt::SkipEmptyParts);

	bool skippingLaunchers = true;
	for (const QString& rawTok : tokens) {
		if (rawTok.startsWith('-') || rawTok.startsWith('%')) {
			continue;
		}

		QString tok = rawTok;
		tok.remove('"');

		QString resolved;
		const QFileInfo fi(tok);

		if (fi.isAbsolute()) {
			resolved = fi.canonicalFilePath();
		} else {
			for (const QString& dir : pathDirs) {
				QFileInfo cand(QDir(dir).filePath(tok));
				if (cand.exists()) {
					resolved = cand.canonicalFilePath();
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		if (resolved.isEmpty()) {
			continue;
		}

		const QString base = QFileInfo(resolved).fileName();
		if (skippingLaunchers && launcherWrappers().contains(base)) {
			continue;
		}

		skippingLaunchers = false;

		return cmdlineInterpreters().contains(base) ? QString() : resolved;
	}

	return {};
}

} // namespace

ProcessModel::ProcessModel(QObject* parent) : QAbstractListModel(parent) {
	const long ticks = ::sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
	if (ticks > 0) {
		mClockTicksPerSec = ticks;
	}
	m_currentUid = ::getuid();
}

int ProcessModel::rowCount(const QModelIndex& parent) const {
	if (parent.isValid()) {
		return 0;
	}
	return static_cast<int>(mProcesses.size());
}

QVariant ProcessModel::data(const QModelIndex& index, int role) const {
	if (!index.isValid() || index.row() < 0 ||
		index.row() >= mProcesses.size()) {
		return {};
	}

	const ProcessEntry& p = mProcesses.at(index.row());
	switch (role) {
	case PidRole:
		return static_cast<qint64>(p.pid);
	case PpidRole:
		return static_cast<qint64>(p.ppid);
	case CommandRole:
		return p.command;
	case CommandLineRole:
		return p.commandLine;
	case StateRole:
		return QString(QChar::fromLatin1(p.state));
	case SleepingRole:
		return p.state == 'S' || p.state == 'D';
	case CpuUsageRole:
		return p.cpuPercent;
	case MemoryUsageRole:
		return static_cast<qulonglong>(p.rssKb);
	case ElapsedRole:
		return p.elapsedSecs;
	case UidRole:
		return static_cast<uint>(p.uid);
	case UserRole:
		return p.username;
	case IoReadBytesRole:
		return static_cast<qulonglong>(p.ioReadBytes);
	case IoWriteBytesRole:
		return static_cast<qulonglong>(p.ioWriteBytes);
	case IconNameRole:
		return p.iconName;
	default:
		return {};
	}
}

QHash<int, QByteArray> ProcessModel::roleNames() const {
	return {
		{PidRole, "pid"},
		{PpidRole, "ppid"},
		{CommandRole, "command"},
		{CommandLineRole, "commandLine"},
		{StateRole, "state"},
		{SleepingRole, "sleeping"},
		{CpuUsageRole, "cpuUsage"},
		{MemoryUsageRole, "memoryUsage"},
		{ElapsedRole, "elapsed"},
		{UidRole, "uid"},
		{UserRole, "user"},
		{IoReadBytesRole, "ioReadBytes"},
		{IoWriteBytesRole, "ioWriteBytes"},
		{IconNameRole, "iconName"},
	};
}

int ProcessModel::count() const {
	return static_cast<int>(mProcesses.size());
}

void ProcessModel::refresh() {
	doRefresh();
}

bool ProcessModel::killProcess(qint64 pid, int signal) const {
	if (pid <= 0) {
		return false;
	}
	return ::kill(static_cast<pid_t>(pid), signal) == 0;
}

QString ProcessModel::searchText() const {
	return m_searchText;
}

void ProcessModel::setSearchText(const QString& text) {
	if (text == m_searchText) {
		return;
	}
	m_searchText = text;
	Q_EMIT searchTextChanged();
	applyView();
}

bool ProcessModel::currentUserOnly() const {
	return m_currentUserOnly;
}

void ProcessModel::setCurrentUserOnly(bool enabled) {
	if (enabled == m_currentUserOnly) {
		return;
	}
	m_currentUserOnly = enabled;
	Q_EMIT currentUserOnlyChanged();
	applyView();
}

int ProcessModel::sortField() const {
	return m_sortField;
}

void ProcessModel::setSortField(int field) {
	if (field == m_sortField) {
		return;
	}
	m_sortField = field;
	Q_EMIT sortFieldChanged();
	applyView();
}

bool ProcessModel::sortAscending() const {
	return m_sortAscending;
}

void ProcessModel::setSortAscending(bool ascending) {
	if (ascending == m_sortAscending) {
		return;
	}
	m_sortAscending = ascending;
	Q_EMIT sortAscendingChanged();
	applyView();
}

void ProcessModel::setDesktopEntryIcons(
	QHash<QString, QString> execPathToIcon,
	QHash<QString, QString> execNameToIcon) {
	mExecPathToIcon = std::move(execPathToIcon);
	mExecNameToIcon = std::move(execNameToIcon);
	++m_iconVersion;
}

QString ProcessModel::resolveProcessExe(pid_t pid) {
	char path[40];
	procPath(path, sizeof(path), pid, "exe");
	char buf[4096];
	const ssize_t n = ::readlink(path, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
	if (n < 0) {
		return {};
	}
	buf[n] = '\0';
	return QString::fromLocal8Bit(buf, static_cast<int>(n));
}

std::optional<ProcessModel::RawStat> ProcessModel::readStat(pid_t pid) {
	char path[40];
	procPath(path, sizeof(path), pid, "stat");
	const QByteArray data = readProcFile(path);
	if (data.isEmpty()) {
		return std::nullopt;
	}

	const qsizetype openParen = data.indexOf('(');
	const qsizetype closeParen = data.lastIndexOf(')');
	if (openParen < 0 || closeParen < 0 || closeParen <= openParen) {
		return std::nullopt;
	}

	RawStat out;
	out.pid = pid;
	out.comm = QString::fromLatin1(
		data.mid(openParen + 1, closeParen - openParen - 1));

	const QByteArrayView rest =
		QByteArrayView(data).mid(closeParen + 1).trimmed();
	const auto fields = splitWhitespace(rest);
	if (fields.size() < 20) {
		return std::nullopt;
	}
	out.state = fields[0].isEmpty() ? '?' : fields[0][0];
	out.ppid = static_cast<pid_t>(toI64(fields[1]));
	out.utime = toU64(fields[11]);
	out.stime = toU64(fields[12]);
	out.starttime = toU64(fields[19]);
	return out;
}

QString ProcessModel::readCommandLine(pid_t pid, const QString& fallbackComm) {
	char path[40];
	procPath(path, sizeof(path), pid, "cmdline");
	QByteArray data = readProcFile(path);

	if (data.isEmpty()) {
		return QStringLiteral("[%1]").arg(fallbackComm);
	}

	while (!data.isEmpty() && data.endsWith('\0')) {
		data.chop(1);
	}
	for (qsizetype i = 0; i < data.size(); ++i) {
		if (data[i] == '\0') {
			data[i] = ' ';
		}
	}
	return QString::fromUtf8(data);
}

ProcessModel::StatusInfo ProcessModel::readStatus(pid_t pid) {
	char path[40];
	procPath(path, sizeof(path), pid, "status");
	const QByteArray data = readProcFile(path);

	StatusInfo out;
	qsizetype pos = 0;
	while (pos < data.size()) {
		const qsizetype nl = data.indexOf('\n', pos);
		const qsizetype lineLen = nl < 0 ? data.size() - pos : nl - pos;
		const QByteArrayView line = QByteArrayView(data).mid(pos, lineLen);
		pos = nl < 0 ? data.size() : nl + 1;

		if (line.startsWith("VmRSS:")) {
			const auto fields = splitWhitespace(line);
			if (fields.size() >= 2) {
				out.rssKb = toU64(fields[1]);
			}
		} else if (line.startsWith("Uid:")) {
			const auto fields = splitWhitespace(line);
			if (fields.size() >= 2) {
				out.uid = static_cast<uid_t>(toU64(fields[1]));
			}
		}
	}
	return out;
}

ProcessModel::IoInfo ProcessModel::readIo(pid_t pid) {
	char path[40];
	procPath(path, sizeof(path), pid, "io");
	const QByteArray data = readProcFile(path);

	IoInfo out;
	qsizetype pos = 0;
	while (pos < data.size()) {
		const qsizetype nl = data.indexOf('\n', pos);
		const qsizetype lineLen = nl < 0 ? data.size() - pos : nl - pos;
		const QByteArrayView line = QByteArrayView(data).mid(pos, lineLen);
		pos = nl < 0 ? data.size() : nl + 1;

		if (line.startsWith("read_bytes:")) {
			const auto fields = splitWhitespace(line);
			if (fields.size() >= 2) {
				out.readBytes = toU64(fields[1]);
			}
		} else if (line.startsWith("write_bytes:")) {
			const auto fields = splitWhitespace(line);
			if (fields.size() >= 2) {
				out.writeBytes = toU64(fields[1]);
			}
		}
	}
	return out;
}

QString ProcessModel::resolveUsername(uid_t uid, QHash<uid_t, QString>& cache) {
	if (const auto it = cache.constFind(uid); it != cache.constEnd()) {
		return it.value();
	}

	std::array<char, 1024> buf{};
	struct passwd pwd{};
	struct passwd* result = nullptr;

	QString name;
	if (::getpwuid_r(uid, &pwd, buf.data(), buf.size(), &result) == 0 &&
		result != nullptr) {
		name = QString::fromLocal8Bit(pwd.pw_name);
	} else {
		name = QString::number(uid);
	}

	cache.insert(uid, name);
	return name;
}

std::optional<double> ProcessModel::readUptimeSeconds() {
	const QByteArray data = readProcFile("/proc/uptime");
	if (data.isEmpty()) {
		return std::nullopt;
	}

	const auto fields = splitWhitespace(QByteArrayView(data));
	if (fields.isEmpty()) {
		return std::nullopt;
	}
	bool ok = false;
	const double uptime =
		QByteArray(fields[0].data(), fields[0].size()).toDouble(&ok);
	return ok ? std::make_optional(uptime) : std::nullopt;
}

void ProcessModel::scanChunk(
	const ScanContext& ctx,
	const QVector<pid_t>& pids,
	QVector<ProcessEntry>& out,
	QHash<uid_t, QString>& uidCache) {
	const QHash<pid_t, int>& prevPidToAll = *ctx.prevPidToAll;
	const QVector<ProcessEntry>& prevAll = *ctx.prevAll;
	const QHash<QString, QString>& execPathToIcon = *ctx.execPathToIcon;
	const QHash<QString, QString>& execNameToIcon = *ctx.execNameToIcon;

	for (pid_t pid : pids) {
		const auto statOpt = readStat(pid);
		if (!statOpt) {
			continue;
		}
		const RawStat& stat = *statOpt;

		ProcessEntry entry;
		entry.pid = stat.pid;
		entry.ppid = stat.ppid;
		entry.command = stat.comm;
		entry.state = stat.state;
		entry.starttime = stat.starttime;

		const auto prevIt = prevPidToAll.constFind(pid);
		const bool samePidInstance = prevIt != prevPidToAll.constEnd() &&
									 prevAll.at(prevIt.value()).starttime ==
										 stat.starttime;
		if (samePidInstance) {
			entry.commandLine = prevAll.at(prevIt.value()).commandLine;
		} else {
			entry.commandLine = readCommandLine(pid, stat.comm);
		}

		if (!samePidInstance || ctx.iconsChanged) {
			const QString exePath = resolveProcessExe(pid);

			QString iconName;

			if (!exePath.isEmpty()) {
				iconName = execPathToIcon.value(exePath);
			}

			if (iconName.isEmpty()) {
				QString execName = execNameExceptions().value(
					QFileInfo(exePath).fileName(),
					QFileInfo(exePath).fileName());

				iconName = execNameToIcon.value(execName);
			}

			if (iconName.isEmpty()) {
				QString baseName = stat.comm;
				const auto exIt = execNameExceptions().constFind(baseName);
				if (exIt != execNameExceptions().constEnd()) {
					baseName = exIt.value();
				}
				iconName = execNameToIcon.value(baseName);
			}

			entry.iconName = iconName;
		} else {
			entry.iconName = prevAll.at(prevIt.value()).iconName;
		}

		const StatusInfo status = readStatus(pid);
		entry.rssKb = status.rssKb;
		entry.uid = status.uid;
		entry.username = resolveUsername(status.uid, uidCache);

		// /proc/PID/io is only readable by root or the process owner; skip
		// the open when it is guaranteed to fail.
		IoInfo io;
		if (ctx.selfEuid == 0 || status.uid == ctx.selfEuid) {
			io = readIo(pid);
		}
		entry.ioReadBytes = io.readBytes;
		entry.ioWriteBytes = io.writeBytes;

		entry.elapsedSecs = std::max(
			0.0,
			ctx.uptime - (static_cast<double>(stat.starttime) /
						  static_cast<double>(ctx.clockTicksPerSec)));
		entry.lastUtime = stat.utime;
		entry.lastStime = stat.stime;

		if (samePidInstance && ctx.deltaSecs > 0.0) {
			const ProcessEntry& prev = prevAll.at(prevIt.value());
			const quint64 prevTicks = prev.lastUtime + prev.lastStime;
			const quint64 nowTicks = stat.utime + stat.stime;
			const quint64 deltaTicks =
				nowTicks > prevTicks ? nowTicks - prevTicks : 0;
			entry.cpuPercent =
				(static_cast<double>(deltaTicks) /
				 (ctx.deltaSecs *
				  static_cast<double>(ctx.clockTicksPerSec))) *
				100.0;
		} else {
			entry.cpuPercent = 0.0;
		}

		out.push_back(std::move(entry));
	}
}

ProcessModel::ScanResult ProcessModel::scanProcesses(
	double uptime,
	double deltaSecs,
	QHash<pid_t, int> prevPidToAll,
	QVector<ProcessEntry> prevAll,
	QHash<uid_t, QString> uidCache,
	long clockTicksPerSec,
	QHash<QString, QString> execPathToIcon,
	QHash<QString, QString> execNameToIcon,
	QStringList pathDirs,
	bool desktopEntryIconsChanged,
	quint64 iconVersion) {
	Q_UNUSED(
		pathDirs); // kept for future cgroup fallback; sanitizeExec already ran on GUI thread

	const QVector<pid_t> pids = listProcPids();

	ScanContext ctx;
	ctx.uptime = uptime;
	ctx.deltaSecs = deltaSecs;
	ctx.prevPidToAll = &prevPidToAll;
	ctx.prevAll = &prevAll;
	ctx.clockTicksPerSec = clockTicksPerSec;
	ctx.execPathToIcon = &execPathToIcon;
	ctx.execNameToIcon = &execNameToIcon;
	ctx.iconsChanged = desktopEntryIconsChanged;
	ctx.selfEuid = ::geteuid();

	QVector<ProcessEntry> fresh;
	fresh.reserve(pids.size());

	// Split the pid list across worker threads; a single pass over /proc is
	// syscall-bound (open/read/close per file per process) and serializes
	// badly on large systems. Keep one pool thread free for this function,
	// which itself runs inside the global pool.
	int nThreads = qMin(16, QThreadPool::globalInstance()->maxThreadCount() - 1);
	if (pids.size() < 128 || nThreads < 2) {
		nThreads = 1;
	}

	if (nThreads <= 1) {
		scanChunk(ctx, pids, fresh, uidCache);
	} else {
		const qsizetype per = (pids.size() + nThreads - 1) / nThreads;
		QVector<QVector<pid_t>> chunks(nThreads);
		QVector<QVector<ProcessEntry>> outs(nThreads);
		QVector<QHash<uid_t, QString>> uidParts(nThreads);
		QVector<QFuture<void>> futures;

		for (int t = 0; t < nThreads; ++t) {
			const qsizetype a = static_cast<qsizetype>(t) * per;
			const qsizetype b = qMin<qsizetype>(a + per, pids.size());
			if (a >= b) {
				continue;
			}
			chunks[t] = pids.mid(a, b - a);
			futures.append(QtConcurrent::run(
				[&ctx, &chunks, &outs, &uidParts, t]() {
					scanChunk(ctx, chunks[t], outs[t], uidParts[t]);
				}));
		}
		for (QFuture<void>& f : futures) {
			f.waitForFinished();
		}

		for (qsizetype t = 0; t < nThreads; ++t) {
			for (ProcessEntry& e : outs[t]) {
				fresh.push_back(std::move(e));
			}
			for (auto it = uidParts[t].constBegin();
				 it != uidParts[t].constEnd();
				 ++it) {
				uidCache.insert(it.key(), it.value());
			}
		}
		std::sort(
			fresh.begin(), fresh.end(), [](const ProcessEntry& a,
										   const ProcessEntry& b) {
				return a.pid < b.pid;
			});
	}

	ScanResult result;
	result.entries = std::move(fresh);
	result.newUidNames = std::move(uidCache);
	result.iconVersion = iconVersion;
	return result;
}

void ProcessModel::doRefresh() {
	if (mWatcher) {
		mRefreshPending = true;
		return;
	}

	const auto uptimeOpt = readUptimeSeconds();
	if (!uptimeOpt) {
		qCWarning(lcProcessModel, "failed to read /proc/uptime");
		return;
	}
	const double uptime = *uptimeOpt;
	const double deltaSecs = mLastUptimeSecs >= 0.0 ? (uptime - mLastUptimeSecs)
													: -1.0;
	mPendingUptime = uptime;

	QHash<pid_t, int> prevPidToAll = mPidToAll;
	QVector<ProcessEntry> prevAll = mAll;
	QHash<uid_t, QString> uidCache = mUidToName;
	QHash<QString, QString> execPathToIcon = mExecPathToIcon;
	QHash<QString, QString> execNameToIcon = mExecNameToIcon;
	const long ticks = mClockTicksPerSec;
	const bool desktopEntryIconsChanged =
		(m_iconVersion != m_scannedIconVersion);

	mWatcher = new QFutureWatcher<ScanResult>(this);
	QObject::connect(
		mWatcher,
		&QFutureWatcher<ScanResult>::finished,
		this,
		&ProcessModel::onScanFinished);

	mWatcher->setFuture(
		QtConcurrent::run(
			&ProcessModel::scanProcesses,
			uptime,
			deltaSecs,
			std::move(prevPidToAll),
			std::move(prevAll),
			std::move(uidCache),
			ticks,
			std::move(execPathToIcon),
			std::move(execNameToIcon),
			QStringList{},
			desktopEntryIconsChanged,
			m_iconVersion));
}

void ProcessModel::onScanFinished() {
	QFutureWatcher<ScanResult>* watcher = mWatcher;
	mWatcher = nullptr;
	if (!watcher) {
		return;
	}
	ScanResult result = watcher->result();
	watcher->deleteLater();

	mAll = std::move(result.entries);
	m_scannedIconVersion = result.iconVersion;
	mPidToAll.clear();
	mPidToAll.reserve(mAll.size());
	for (int i = 0; i < mAll.size(); ++i) {
		mPidToAll.insert(mAll.at(i).pid, i);
	}
	for (auto it = mFuzzyCache.begin(); it != mFuzzyCache.end();) {
		if (mPidToAll.contains(it.key())) {
			++it;
		} else {
			it = mFuzzyCache.erase(it);
		}
	}
	for (auto it = result.newUidNames.constBegin();
		 it != result.newUidNames.constEnd();
		 ++it) {
		mUidToName.insert(it.key(), it.value());
	}

	mLastUptimeSecs = mPendingUptime;
	applyView();

	if (mRefreshPending) {
		mRefreshPending = false;
		doRefresh();
	}
}

void ProcessModel::applyView() {
	const bool searching = !m_searchText.isEmpty();
	QStringList terms;
	if (searching) {
		terms = m_searchText.split(
			QRegularExpression(QStringLiteral("\\s+")), Qt::SkipEmptyParts);
		for (int i = 0; i < terms.size(); ++i) {
			terms[i] = fuzzyPrepare(terms.at(i)).chars;
		}
	}

	QVector<ProcessEntry> filtered;
	filtered.reserve(mAll.size());

	for (const ProcessEntry& src : mAll) {
		if (m_currentUserOnly && src.uid != m_currentUid) {
			continue;
		}

		ProcessEntry entry = src;
		if (searching) {
			// Normalizing (NFD) + lowering per process per tick is the
			// expensive part of search; commands are stable for the life of
			// a process instance (pid + starttime), so cache the prepared
			// text. comm can still change without an exec (prctl), so
			// re-prepare when the raw command differs.
			FuzzyCacheEntry& fe = mFuzzyCache[src.pid];
			if (fe.starttime != src.starttime || fe.command != src.command) {
				fe.starttime = src.starttime;
				fe.command = src.command;
				const FuzzyText prep = fuzzyPrepare(src.command);
				fe.commandChars = std::move(prep.chars);
				fe.commandClasses = std::move(prep.classes);
				fe.hasCommandLine =
					!src.commandLine.isEmpty() && src.commandLine != src.command;
				if (fe.hasCommandLine) {
					const FuzzyText prepCl = fuzzyPrepare(src.commandLine);
					fe.commandLineChars = std::move(prepCl.chars);
					fe.commandLineClasses = std::move(prepCl.classes);
				} else {
					fe.commandLineChars = QString();
					fe.commandLineClasses = {};
				}
			}
			const FuzzyText cmdFuzzy{fe.commandChars, fe.commandClasses};
			int score = fuzzyQueryScore(cmdFuzzy, terms);
			if (fe.hasCommandLine) {
				const FuzzyText clFuzzy{
					fe.commandLineChars, fe.commandLineClasses};
				score = qMax(score, fuzzyQueryScore(clFuzzy, terms));
			}
			if (score < 0) {
				continue;
			}
			entry.searchScore = score;
		}
		filtered.push_back(std::move(entry));
	}

	QVector<ProcessEntry> desired;
	desired.reserve(filtered.size());
	if (searching || m_sortField != 0) {
		desired = filtered;
		std::stable_sort(
			desired.begin(),
			desired.end(),
			[this, searching](const ProcessEntry& a, const ProcessEntry& b) {
				if (searching && a.searchScore != b.searchScore) {
					return a.searchScore > b.searchScore;
				}
				const int c = compareEntries(a, b);
				if (c != 0) {
					return m_sortAscending ? c < 0 : c > 0;
				}
				return a.pid < b.pid;
			});
	} else {
		QSet<pid_t> shown;
		shown.reserve(mProcesses.size());
		for (const ProcessEntry& e : mProcesses) {
			shown.insert(e.pid);
		}
		QSet<pid_t> placed;
		placed.reserve(filtered.size());
		for (const ProcessEntry& e : filtered) {
			if (shown.contains(e.pid)) {
				desired.push_back(e);
				placed.insert(e.pid);
			}
		}
		for (const ProcessEntry& e : filtered) {
			if (!placed.contains(e.pid)) {
				desired.push_back(e);
			}
		}
	}

	converge(desired);
}

void ProcessModel::converge(const QVector<ProcessEntry>& desired) {
	const qsizetype oldCount = mProcesses.size();

	if (desired.size() == oldCount) {
		bool sameOrder = true;
		for (qsizetype i = 0; i < desired.size(); ++i) {
			if (desired.at(i).pid != mProcesses.at(i).pid) {
				sameOrder = false;
				break;
			}
		}
		if (sameOrder) {
			for (qsizetype i = 0; i < desired.size(); ++i) {
				mProcesses[i] = desired.at(i);
			}
			static const QList<int> kVolatileRoles = {
				CpuUsageRole,
				MemoryUsageRole,
				ElapsedRole,
				StateRole,
				SleepingRole,
				IoReadBytesRole,
				IoWriteBytesRole,
				IconNameRole};
			if (!mProcesses.isEmpty()) {
				const int last = static_cast<int>(desired.size()) - 1;
				Q_EMIT dataChanged(index(0), index(last), kVolatileRoles);
			}
			return;
		}
	}


	QSet<pid_t> oldPids;
	oldPids.reserve(oldCount);
	for (const auto& e : mProcesses) {
		oldPids.insert(e.pid);
	}
	QSet<pid_t> keepPids;
	keepPids.reserve(desired.size());
	QVector<const ProcessEntry*> added;
	for (const auto& e : desired) {
		keepPids.insert(e.pid);
		if (!oldPids.contains(e.pid)) {
			added.append(&e);
		}
	}

	QVector<int> removed;
	for (qsizetype i = 0; i < oldCount; ++i) {
		if (!keepPids.contains(mProcesses.at(i).pid)) {
			removed.append(static_cast<int>(i));
		}
	}
	std::sort(removed.begin(), removed.end(), [](int a, int b) {
		return a > b;
	});
	for (int idx : removed) {
		beginRemoveRows(QModelIndex(), idx, idx);
		mProcesses.removeAt(idx);
		endRemoveRows();
	}

	if (!added.isEmpty()) {
		const int start = static_cast<int>(mProcesses.size());
		beginInsertRows(
			QModelIndex(), start, start + static_cast<int>(added.size()) - 1);
		for (const auto* e : added) {
			mProcesses.append(*e);
		}
		endInsertRows();
	}

	bool ordered = true;
	for (qsizetype i = 0; i < desired.size(); ++i) {
		if (mProcesses.at(i).pid != desired.at(i).pid) {
			ordered = false;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (!ordered) {
		mProcesses = desired;
		layoutChanged(
			QList<QPersistentModelIndex>(),
			QAbstractItemModel::VerticalSortHint);
	}

	if (mProcesses.size() != oldCount) {
		Q_EMIT countChanged();
	}
}

int ProcessModel::compareEntries(
	const ProcessEntry& a, const ProcessEntry& b) const {
	switch (m_sortField) {
	case 1:
		return cmpVals(a.pid, b.pid);
	case 2:
		return cmpVals(a.ppid, b.ppid);
	case 3:
		return QString::compare(a.command, b.command, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
	case 4:
		return QString::compare(
			a.commandLine, b.commandLine, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
	case 5:
		return cmpVals(a.state, b.state);
	case 6:
		return cmpVals(isSleeping(a), isSleeping(b));
	case 7:
		return cmpVals(a.cpuPercent, b.cpuPercent);
	case 8:
		return cmpVals(a.rssKb, b.rssKb);
	case 9:
		return cmpVals(a.elapsedSecs, b.elapsedSecs);
	case 10:
		return cmpVals(a.uid, b.uid);
	case 11:
		return QString::compare(a.username, b.username, Qt::CaseInsensitive);
	case 12:
		return cmpVals(a.ioReadBytes, b.ioReadBytes);
	case 13:
		return cmpVals(a.ioWriteBytes, b.ioWriteBytes);
	default:
		return 0;
	}
}

bool ProcessModel::isSleeping(const ProcessEntry& e) {
	return e.state == 'S' || e.state == 'D';
}

Processes::Processes(QObject* parent)
	: TickingService(parent), m_model(new ProcessModel(this)) {
	QObject::connect(
		m_model, &ProcessModel::countChanged, this, &Processes::countChanged);
	QObject::connect(
		m_model,
		&ProcessModel::sortFieldChanged,
		this,
		&Processes::sortFieldChanged);
	QObject::connect(
		m_model,
		&ProcessModel::sortAscendingChanged,
		this,
		&Processes::sortAscendingChanged);
	QObject::connect(
		m_model,
		&ProcessModel::searchTextChanged,
		this,
		&Processes::searchTextChanged);
	QObject::connect(
		m_model,
		&ProcessModel::currentUserOnlyChanged,
		this,
		&Processes::currentUserOnlyChanged);
}

QAbstractItemModel* Processes::list() const {
	return m_model;
}

int Processes::count() const {
	return m_model->count();
}

Processes::SortField Processes::sortField() const {
	return static_cast<SortField>(m_model->sortField());
}

void Processes::setSortField(SortField field) {
	m_model->setSortField(static_cast<int>(field));
}

bool Processes::sortAscending() const {
	return m_model->sortAscending();
}

void Processes::setSortAscending(bool ascending) {
	m_model->setSortAscending(ascending);
}

QString Processes::searchText() const {
	return m_model->searchText();
}

void Processes::setSearchText(const QString& text) {
	m_model->setSearchText(text);
}

bool Processes::currentUserOnly() const {
	return m_model->currentUserOnly();
}

void Processes::setCurrentUserOnly(bool enabled) {
	m_model->setCurrentUserOnly(enabled);
}

void Processes::setDesktopEntries(const QVariantList& entries) {
	QHash<QString, QString> execPathToIcon;
	QHash<QString, QString> execNameToIcon;
	execPathToIcon.reserve(entries.size());
	execNameToIcon.reserve(entries.size());

	const QStringList pathDirs =
		qEnvironmentVariable("PATH").split(':', Qt::SkipEmptyParts);

	for (const QVariant& v : entries) {
		const QVariantMap m = v.toMap();

		const QString icon = m.value(QStringLiteral("icon")).toString();

		const QStringList command =
			m.value(QStringLiteral("command")).toStringList();

		if (icon.isEmpty()) {
			continue;
		}

		if (command.isEmpty()) {
			continue;
		}

		const QString execPath = sanitizeExec(command.join(' '), pathDirs);

		if (execPath.isEmpty()) {
			continue;
		}

		execPathToIcon.insert(execPath, icon);
		execNameToIcon.insert(QFileInfo(execPath).fileName(), icon);
	}

	m_model->setDesktopEntryIcons(
		std::move(execPathToIcon), std::move(execNameToIcon));
}

void Processes::sortBy(SortField field) {
	if (m_model->sortField() == static_cast<int>(field)) {
		m_model->setSortAscending(!m_model->sortAscending());
	} else {
		m_model->setSortField(static_cast<int>(field));
		m_model->setSortAscending(true);
	}
}

void Processes::refresh() {
	m_model->refresh();
}

void Processes::tick() {
	m_model->refresh();
}

bool Processes::killProcess(qint64 pid, int signal) const {
	return m_model->killProcess(pid, signal);
}

} // namespace ZShell::services