Merge branch 'main' into feat/wallpaper-picker-rework

Reviewed-on: #140
Reviewed-by: AramJonghu <aramjonghu@tutamail.com>

.gitea/workflows/python.yml

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 name: Python
 
+env:
+    APT_DEPS: git python3 python3-pip python3-venv python3-gi python3-cairo python3-dbus python3-pyudev python3-psutil python3-evdev python3-yaml python3-xlib python3-pillow gir1.2-gtk-3.0
+
 on:
     pull_request:
 
 jobs:
-    fmt:
+    static:
-        runs-on: alpine
+        runs-on: debian
-        container: node:26-alpine
+        container: node:26-trixie-slim
 
         steps:
             - name: Checkout
@@ -14,10 +17,8 @@ jobs:
 
             - name: Install tools
               run: |
-                  apk add --no-cache \
+                  apt-get update
-                    git \
+                  apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends git python3 python3-pip python3-venv
-                    python3 \
-                    py3-pip
                   python3 -m venv .venv
                   . .venv/bin/activate
                   pip install --no-cache-dir ruff
@@ -27,32 +28,15 @@ jobs:
                   . .venv/bin/activate
                   ruff format --check .
 
-    lint:
-        runs-on: alpine
-        container: node:26-alpine
-
-        steps:
-            - name: Checkout
-              uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-            - name: Install tools
-              run: |
-                  apk add --no-cache \
-                    git \
-                    python3 \
-                    py3-pip
-                  python3 -m venv .venv
-                  . .venv/bin/activate
-                  pip install --no-cache-dir ruff
-
             - name: Lint
               run: |
                   . .venv/bin/activate
                   ruff check .
 
-    test:
+    verify:
-        runs-on: alpine
+        if: always()
-        container: node:26-alpine
+        runs-on: debian
+        container: node:26-trixie-slim
 
         steps:
             - name: Checkout
@@ -60,20 +44,16 @@ jobs:
 
             - name: Install tools
               run: |
-                  apk add --no-cache \
+                  apt-get update
-                    git \
+                  apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $APT_DEPS build-essential python3-dev
-                    python3 \
+                  python3 -m venv --system-site-packages .venv
-                    py3-pip \
-                    py3-pillow \
-                    build-base
-                  python3 -m venv .venv
                   . .venv/bin/activate
-                  pip install --no-cache-dir \
+                  pip install --no-cache-dir basedpyright nuitka .
-                    typer \
+
-                    pillow \
+            - name: Type check
-                    materialyoucolor \
+              run: |
-                    jinja2 \
+                  . .venv/bin/activate
-                    pytest
+                  basedpyright
 
             - name: Test
               run: |
@@ -81,52 +61,7 @@ jobs:
                   cd cli
                   python -m pytest tests/ -v
 
-    typecheck:
-        runs-on: alpine
-        container: node:26-alpine
-
-        steps:
-            - name: Checkout
-              uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-            - name: Install tools
-              run: |
-                  apk add --no-cache \
-                      git \
-                      python3 \
-                      py3-pip
-                  python3 -m venv .venv
-                  . .venv/bin/activate
-                  pip install --no-cache-dir basedpyright typer pillow materialyoucolor jinja2
-
-            - name: Type check
-              run: |
-                  . .venv/bin/activate
-                  basedpyright
-
-    buildcheck:
-        runs-on: alpine
-        container: node:26-alpine
-
-        steps:
-            - name: Checkout
-              uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-            - name: Install tools
-              run: |
-                  apk add --no-cache \
-                    git \
-                    python3 \
-                    py3-pip \
-                    build-base \
-                    python3-dev \
-                    gcc \
-                    g++
-                  python3 -m venv .venv
-                  . .venv/bin/activate
-                  pip install --no-cache-dir nuitka
-
             - name: Nuitka module check
               run: |
                   . .venv/bin/activate
-                  nuitka --module --include-package=zshell cli/src/zshell/
+                  nuitka --module --include-package=zshell cli/src/zshell/

.gitignore

@@ -16,3 +16,5 @@ dist/
 **/test-plugins/
 **/Charts/
 network-dev/
+**/zshell.build/
+**/zshell.dist/

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -93,6 +93,8 @@ if("shell" IN_LIST ENABLE_MODULES)
 				${NUITKA_EXECUTABLE}
 				--standalone
 				--include-data-dir=${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/cli/src/zshell/assets=zshell/assets
+				--include-package=gi.overrides
+				--include-package-data=solaar
 				--output-dir=${ZSHELL_CLI_BUILD_DIR}
 				--output-filename=zshell-cli
 				${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/cli/src/zshell/

Helpers/Battery.qml

@@ -1,35 +1,63 @@
 pragma Singleton
 
 import Quickshell
+import Quickshell.Io
 import Quickshell.Services.UPower
 import ZShell.Config
 import qs.Services
+import qs.Paths
 
 Singleton {
 	id: root
 
-	readonly property var colors: {
+	readonly property list<var> allPeripherals: [...logiDevices, ...upowerDevices.filter(d => !Battery.logiDevices.some(l => l.nativePath === d.nativePath))]
-		if (deviceState === UPowerDeviceState.Charging || deviceState === UPowerDeviceState.FullyCharged)
+	readonly property real currentPerc: UPower.displayDevice.percentage
+	readonly property var deviceState: UPower.displayDevice.state
+	readonly property string deviceStateString: UPowerDeviceState.toString(deviceState)
+	readonly property bool isLaptop: UPower.displayDevice.isLaptopBattery
+	readonly property alias logiDevices: adapter.devices
+	readonly property var lowestPeripheral: allPeripherals.reduce((lowest, current) => current.percentage < lowest.percentage ? current : lowest)
+	readonly property bool onBattery: UPower.onBattery
+	readonly property bool ready: UPower.displayDevice.ready
+	readonly property real timeToEmpty: UPower.displayDevice.timeToEmpty
+	readonly property real timeToFull: UPower.displayDevice.timeToFull
+	readonly property list<UPowerDevice> upowerDevices: UPower.devices.values.filter(d => d.state !== UPowerDeviceState.Unknown)
+
+	function getColors(percentage: real, state: string): var {
+		if (state === "charging" || state === "full" || state === "recharging")
 			return {
 				fg: Colors.swapRG(Colors.palette.m3error),
 				bg: Colors.swapRG(Colors.palette.m3onError)
 			};
-		else if (currentPerc <= 0.2)
+		else if (percentage <= 0.2)
 			return {
 				fg: Colors.palette.m3error,
 				bg: Colors.palette.m3onError
 			};
 		else
 			return {
-				fg: Colors.palette.m3onSurface,
+				fg: Colors.palette.m3tertiary,
-				bg: Colors.palette.m3surface
+				bg: Colors.palette.m3onTertiary
 			};
 	}
-	readonly property real currentPerc: UPower.displayDevice.percentage
+
-	readonly property var deviceState: UPower.displayDevice.state
+	function startDaemon(): void {
-	readonly property bool isLaptop: UPower.displayDevice.isLaptopBattery
+		Quickshell.execDetached(["zshell-cli", "battery", "daemon"]);
-	readonly property bool onBattery: UPower.onBattery
+	}
-	readonly property bool ready: UPower.displayDevice.ready
+
-	readonly property real timeToEmpty: UPower.displayDevice.timeToEmpty
+	FileView {
-	readonly property real timeToFull: UPower.displayDevice.timeToFull
+		id: fileView
+
+		path: `${Paths.cache}/battery.json`
+		watchChanges: true
+
+		onFileChanged: reload()
+
+		JsonAdapter {
+			id: adapter
+
+			property list<var> devices: []
+			property real updated: 0.0
+		}
+	}
 }

Helpers/Updates.qml

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ Singleton {
 	id: root
 
 	property int availableUpdates: 0
-	property string cmd: ""
 	property bool commandReady
+	property bool hasHelper
 	property bool loaded
 	property double now: Date.now()
 	property var updates: ({})
@@ -38,18 +38,12 @@ Singleton {
 	}
 
 	function performPackageUpdate(pkg: string): void {
-		if (root.cmd === "pacman")
+		pkgUpdateProc.command = ["pkexec", "pacman", "--noconfirm", "-Sy", pkg];
-			pkgUpdateProc.command = ["pkexec", root.cmd, "--noconfirm", "-Sy", pkg];
-		else
-			pkgUpdateProc.command = [root.cmd, "--noconfirm", "--sudo", "pkexec", "-Sy", pkg];
 		pkgUpdateProc.running = true;
 	}
 
 	function performSystemUpdate(): void {
-		if (root.cmd === "pacman")
+		sysUpdateProc.command = ["pkexec", "pacman", "--noconfirm", "-Syu"];
-			sysUpdateProc.command = ["pkexec", root.cmd, "--noconfirm", "-Syu"];
-		else
-			sysUpdateProc.command = [root.cmd, "--noconfirm", "--sudo", "pkexec", "-Syu"];
 		sysUpdateProc.running = true;
 	}
 
@@ -87,7 +81,7 @@ Singleton {
 	Process {
 		id: cmdDetect
 
-		command: ["sh", "-c", "command -v checkupdates || command -v yay || command -v paru"]
+		command: ["sh", "-c", "command -v checkupdates"]
 		running: true
 
 		stdout: StdioCollector {
@@ -96,47 +90,20 @@ Singleton {
 				let helper;
 
 				if (cmd.length > 0) {
-					helper = cmd.split("/").pop();
+					helper = true;
 				} else {
-					helper = "pacman";
+					helper = false;
-				}
-
-				if (helper === "checkupdates") {
-					updatesProc.command = [helper];
-				} else {
-					updatesProc.command = [helper, "-Qu"];
 				}
+				root.hasHelper = helper;
 				root.commandReady = true;
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	Process {
-		id: updateCmdDetect
-
-		command: ["sh", "-c", "command -v yay || command -v paru"]
-		running: true
-
-		stdout: StdioCollector {
-			onStreamFinished: {
-				const cmd = this.text.trim();
-				let helper;
-
-				if (cmd.length > 0) {
-					helper = cmd.split("/").pop();
-				} else {
-					helper = "pacman";
-				}
-
-				root.cmd = helper;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	Process {
 		id: updatesProc
 
-		command: []
+		command: root.hasHelper ? ["checkupdates"] : []
 		running: false
 
 		stdout: StdioCollector {

Modules/Bar/Components/Common/BatteryIcon.qml

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import QtQuick
+import ZShell.Config
+import qs.Services
+import qs.Components
+import qs.Helpers
+
+Row {
+	id: root
+
+	property real batHeight: Tokens.padding.smaller * 2
+	property real batWidth: Tokens.padding.larger * 2
+	required property string devState
+	property real nubHeight: Tokens.padding.small
+	property real nubWidth: 2
+	required property real percentage
+	property real radius: Tokens.rounding.smallest / 2
+
+	spacing: 1
+
+	CustomRect {
+		id: track
+
+		anchors.verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter
+		color: Battery.getColors(root.percentage, root.devState).bg
+		height: root.batHeight
+		radius: root.radius
+		width: root.batWidth
+
+		CustomText {
+			color: Battery.getColors(root.percentage, root.devState).fg
+			font.pointSize: Tokens.font.size.larger / 1.5
+			font.weight: 800
+			height: track.height
+			horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter
+			text: Math.round(root.percentage * 100)
+			verticalAlignment: Text.AlignVCenter
+			width: track.width
+		}
+
+		Item {
+			clip: true
+			width: parent.width * root.percentage
+
+			anchors {
+				bottom: parent.bottom
+				left: parent.left
+				top: parent.top
+			}
+
+			CustomRect {
+				id: fill
+
+				color: Battery.getColors(root.percentage, root.devState).fg
+				height: track.height
+				radius: track.radius
+				width: track.width
+
+				CustomText {
+					id: batteryLabel
+
+					clip: true
+					color: Battery.getColors(root.percentage, root.devState).bg
+					font.pointSize: Tokens.font.size.larger / 1.5
+					font.weight: 800
+					height: track.height
+					horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter
+					text: Math.round(root.percentage * 100)
+					verticalAlignment: Text.AlignVCenter
+					width: track.width
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	CustomRect {
+		id: nub
+
+		anchors.verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter
+		bottomRightRadius: 20
+		color: root.percentage < 0.99 ? track.color : fill.color
+		height: root.nubHeight
+		topRightRadius: 20
+		width: root.nubWidth
+	}
+}

Modules/Bar/Components/StatusIcons.qml

@@ -112,7 +112,6 @@ WidgetBase {
 						name: "upower"
 
 						UPowerWidget {
-							horizontal: root.horizontal
 						}
 					}
 				}

Modules/Bar/Components/StatusIcons/UPowerWidget.qml

@@ -2,16 +2,17 @@ import Quickshell.Services.UPower
 import QtQuick
 import QtQuick.Layouts
 import ZShell.Config
+import qs.Modules.Bar.Components.Common
 import qs.Components
 import qs.Helpers
 
 Item {
 	id: root
 
-	required property bool horizontal
+	readonly property Item currentItem: batteryIconLoader?.item ?? peripheralIconLoader?.item ?? upowerIconLoader.item
 
-	implicitHeight: Battery.isLaptop ? batteryIconLoader.item.implicitHeight : upowerIconLoader.item.implicitHeight
+	implicitHeight: currentItem?.implicitHeight ?? 0
-	implicitWidth: Battery.isLaptop ? batteryIconLoader.item.implicitWidth : upowerIconLoader.item.implicitWidth
+	implicitWidth: currentItem?.implicitWidth ?? 0
 
 	Behavior on Layout.preferredHeight {
 		Anim {
@@ -30,95 +31,36 @@ Item {
 		}
 	}
 
+	Component.onCompleted: Battery.startDaemon()
+
 	Loader {
 		id: batteryIconLoader
 
 		active: Battery.isLaptop
 		anchors.centerIn: parent
 
-		sourceComponent: Row {
+		sourceComponent: BatteryIcon {
-			id: batteryIcon
+			devState: Battery.deviceStateString
+			percentage: Battery.currentPerc
+		}
+	}
 
-			property real batHeight: 16
+	Loader {
-			property real batWidth: 30
+		id: peripheralIconLoader
-			property real nubHeight: 6
-			property real nubWidth: 2
-			property real radius: Tokens.rounding.smallest / 2
 
-			spacing: 1
+		active: (Battery.lowestPeripheral?.isPresent ?? false) && !batteryIconLoader.active
+		anchors.centerIn: parent
 
-			CustomRect {
+		sourceComponent: BatteryIcon {
-				id: track
+			devState: Battery.lowestPeripheral?.state ?? ""
-
+			percentage: Battery.lowestPeripheral?.percentage ?? 0
-				anchors.verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter
-				color: Battery.colors.bg
-				height: batteryIcon.batHeight
-				radius: batteryIcon.radius
-				width: batteryIcon.batWidth
-
-				CustomText {
-					color: Battery.colors.fg
-					font.pointSize: Tokens.font.size.larger / 1.5
-					font.weight: 800
-					height: track.height
-					horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter
-					text: Math.round(Battery.currentPerc * 100)
-					verticalAlignment: Text.AlignVCenter
-					width: track.width
-				}
-
-				Item {
-					clip: true
-					width: parent.width * Battery.currentPerc
-
-					anchors {
-						bottom: parent.bottom
-						left: parent.left
-						top: parent.top
-					}
-
-					CustomRect {
-						id: fill
-
-						color: Battery.colors.fg
-						height: track.height
-						radius: track.radius
-						width: track.width
-
-						CustomText {
-							id: batteryLabel
-
-							clip: true
-							color: Battery.colors.bg
-							font.pointSize: 7.5
-							font.weight: 800
-							height: track.height
-							horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter
-							text: Math.round(Battery.currentPerc * 100)
-							verticalAlignment: Text.AlignVCenter
-							width: track.width
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			CustomRect {
-				id: nub
-
-				anchors.verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter
-				bottomRightRadius: 20
-				color: Battery.currentPerc < 0.99 ? track.color : fill.color
-				height: batteryIcon.nubHeight
-				topRightRadius: 20
-				width: batteryIcon.nubWidth
-			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	Loader {
 		id: upowerIconLoader
 
-		active: !Battery.isLaptop
+		active: !batteryIconLoader.active && !peripheralIconLoader.active
 		anchors.centerIn: parent
 
 		sourceComponent: MaterialIcon {

Modules/Bar/Popouts/UPowerPopout.qml

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 pragma ComponentBehavior: Bound
 
 import QtQuick
+import QtQuick.Layouts
 import Quickshell.Services.UPower
 import ZShell.Config
+import qs.Modules.Bar.Components.Common
 import qs.Helpers
 import qs.Components
 import qs.Services
@@ -22,6 +24,31 @@ Column {
 		}
 	}
 
+	Repeater {
+		model: Battery.allPeripherals
+
+		RowLayout {
+			id: layout
+
+			required property var modelData
+
+			anchors.left: parent.left
+			anchors.leftMargin: Tokens.padding.normal
+			anchors.right: parent.right
+			anchors.rightMargin: Tokens.padding.normal
+
+			CustomText {
+				Layout.fillWidth: true
+				text: layout.modelData.model
+			}
+
+			BatteryIcon {
+				devState: layout.modelData.state
+				percentage: layout.modelData.percentage
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	CustomText {
 		function formatSeconds(s: int, fallback: string): string {
 			const day = Math.floor(s / 86400);
@@ -75,7 +102,7 @@ Column {
 					CustomText {
 						anchors.verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter
 						color: Colors.palette.m3onError
-						font.family: Appearance.font.family.mono
+						font.family: Config.appearance.font.family.mono
 						text: qsTr("Performance Degraded")
 					}
 

Modules/Bar/Popouts/UpdatesPopout.qml

@@ -78,8 +78,6 @@ CustomClippingRect {
 				required property var modelData
 				readonly property list<string> sections: modelData.update.split(" ")
 
-				// anchors.left: parent.left
-				// anchors.right: parent.right
 				color: Colors.tPalette.m3surfaceContainer
 				implicitHeight: root.itemHeight
 				implicitWidth: 600

Modules/Launcher/CarouselView.qml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import Quickshell
+import QtQuick
+import ZShell.Components
+import ZShell.Config
+import qs.Modules.Launcher.Items
+import qs.Components
+import qs.Helpers
+
+CarouselView {
+	id: root
+
+	required property var panels
+	readonly property var screen: QsWindow.window?.screen
+	required property SearchBar search
+	readonly property var values: Wallpapers.query(root.search.text.split(" ").slice(1).join(" "))
+	required property var visibilities
+
+	// Forwarded verbatim as a property of the same name onto every delegate
+	// instance (the delegate declares `required property PersistentProperties visibilities`).
+	delegateProperties: ({
+			visibilities: root.visibilities
+		})
+	focalWidth: Config.launcher.sizes.wallpaperWidth
+	glideDuration: 250
+	glideEasingType: Easing.OutCubic
+	implicitHeight: tileHeight + Tokens.spacing.small / 2 + Tokens.padding.large + Tokens.padding.normal
+	itemSpacing: Tokens.spacing.small
+	maxWidth: {
+		if (!screen)
+			return 0;
+		const barMargins = Config.bar.border * 2;
+		let margins = 0;
+		if (visibilities.utilities || visibilities.sidebar)
+			margins = panels.utilities.implicitWidth;
+		return screen.width - (barMargins + margins) * 2 - Config.bar.rounding * 4;
+	}
+	minEdgeWidth: 56
+	model: values
+	tileHeight: focalWidth / 16 * 9
+
+	delegate: Component {
+		WallpaperTile {
+		}   // your existing delegate file, unchanged
+	}
+
+	Component.onCompleted: {
+		const idx = Wallpapers.list.findIndex(w => w.path === Wallpapers.actualCurrent);
+		if (idx >= 0)
+			jumpToIndex(idx);
+	}
+	Component.onDestruction: Wallpapers.stopPreview()
+	onPreviewIndexChanged: (realIndex, modelData) => {
+		Wallpapers.preview(modelData.path);
+	}
+}

Modules/Launcher/ContentList.qml

@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ Item {
 		anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
 		anchors.top: parent.top
 
-		sourceComponent: WallpaperList {
+		sourceComponent: CarouselView {
-			content: root.content
+			// content: root.content
 			panels: root.panels
 			search: root.search
 			visibilities: root.visibilities

Modules/Launcher/Items/WallpaperItem.qml

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-import ZShell.Models
-import Quickshell
-import QtQuick
-import qs.Components
-import qs.Helpers
-import ZShell.Config
-import qs.Modules
-import qs.Services
-
-Item {
-	id: root
-
-	required property FileSystemEntry modelData
-	required property PersistentProperties visibilities
-
-	implicitHeight: image.height + label.height + Tokens.spacing.small / 2 + Tokens.padding.large + Tokens.padding.normal
-	implicitWidth: image.width + Tokens.padding.larger * 2
-	opacity: 0
-	scale: 0.5
-	z: PathView.z ?? 0
-
-	Behavior on opacity {
-		Anim {
-		}
-	}
-	Behavior on scale {
-		Anim {
-		}
-	}
-
-	Component.onCompleted: {
-		scale = Qt.binding(() => PathView.isCurrentItem ? 1 : PathView.onPath ? 0.8 : 0);
-		opacity = Qt.binding(() => PathView.onPath ? 1 : 0);
-	}
-
-	StateLayer {
-		radius: Tokens.rounding.normal
-
-		onClicked: {
-			Wallpapers.setWallpaper(root.modelData.path);
-			root.visibilities.launcher = false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	Elevation {
-		anchors.fill: image
-		level: 4
-		opacity: root.PathView.isCurrentItem ? 1 : 0
-		radius: image.radius
-
-		Behavior on opacity {
-			Anim {
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	CustomClippingRect {
-		id: image
-
-		anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
-		color: Colors.tPalette.m3surfaceContainer
-		implicitHeight: implicitWidth / 16 * 9
-		implicitWidth: Config.launcher.sizes.wallpaperWidth
-		radius: Tokens.rounding.small
-		y: Tokens.padding.large
-
-		MaterialIcon {
-			anchors.centerIn: parent
-			color: Colors.tPalette.m3outline
-			font.pointSize: Tokens.font.size.extraLarge * 2
-			font.weight: 600
-			text: "image"
-		}
-
-		CachingImage {
-			anchors.fill: parent
-			cache: true
-			path: root.modelData.path
-			smooth: !root.PathView.view.moving
-		}
-	}
-
-	CustomText {
-		id: label
-
-		anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
-		anchors.top: image.bottom
-		anchors.topMargin: Tokens.spacing.small / 2
-		elide: Text.ElideRight
-		font.pointSize: Tokens.font.size.normal
-		horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter
-		renderType: Text.QtRendering
-		text: root.modelData.relativePath
-		width: image.width - Tokens.padding.normal * 2
-	}
-}

Modules/Launcher/Items/WallpaperTile.qml

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import Quickshell
+import QtQuick
+import ZShell.Config
+import qs.Components
+import qs.Helpers
+import qs.Services
+
+Item {
+	id: root
+
+	required property bool isCurrent
+	required property var modelData // FileSystemEntry-like {path, relativePath}
+	required property real tileHeight
+	required property real tileWidth
+	required property PersistentProperties visibilities
+
+	signal requestActivate
+
+	implicitHeight: tileHeight + Tokens.padding.large * 2
+	implicitWidth: tileWidth
+
+	CustomClippingRect {
+		id: image
+
+		anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
+		color: Colors.tPalette.m3surfaceContainer
+		implicitHeight: root.tileHeight
+		implicitWidth: root.tileWidth
+		radius: Tokens.rounding.small
+		y: Tokens.padding.large
+
+		MaterialIcon {
+			anchors.centerIn: parent
+			color: Colors.tPalette.m3outline
+			font.pointSize: Tokens.font.size.extraLarge * 2
+			font.weight: 600
+			text: "image"
+		}
+
+		CachingImage {
+			anchors.bottom: parent.bottom
+			anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter
+			anchors.top: parent.top
+			cache: true
+			fillMode: Image.PreserveAspectCrop
+			height: root.tileHeight
+			path: root.modelData ? root.modelData.path : ""
+			smooth: root.isCurrent
+			sourceSize.height: root.tileHeight
+			sourceSize.width: root.tileHeight * (16 / 9)
+			width: root.tileHeight * (16 / 9)
+		}
+
+		StateLayer {
+			onClicked: root.requestActivate()
+		}
+	}
+}

Modules/Launcher/WallpaperList.qml

@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-pragma ComponentBehavior: Bound
-
-import Quickshell
-import QtQuick
-import qs.Components
-import qs.Helpers
-import ZShell.Config
-import qs.Modules.Launcher.Items
-
-PathView {
-	id: root
-
-	required property var content
-	readonly property int itemWidth: Config.launcher.sizes.wallpaperWidth * 0.9 + Tokens.padding.larger * 2
-	readonly property int numItems: {
-		const screen = QsWindow.window?.screen;
-		if (!screen)
-			return 0;
-
-		// Screen width - 4x outer rounding - 2x max side thickness (cause centered)
-		const barMargins = panels.bar.implicitWidth;
-		let outerMargins = 0;
-		if ((visibilities.utilities || visibilities.sidebar) && panels.utilities.implicitWidth > outerMargins)
-			outerMargins = panels.utilities.implicitWidth;
-		const maxWidth = screen.width - Config.bar.rounding * 4 - (barMargins + outerMargins) * 2;
-
-		if (maxWidth <= 0)
-			return 0;
-
-		const maxItemsOnScreen = Math.floor(maxWidth / itemWidth);
-		const visible = Math.min(maxItemsOnScreen, Config.launcher.maxWallpapers, scriptModel.values.length);
-
-		if (visible === 2)
-			return 1;
-		if (visible > 1 && visible % 2 === 0)
-			return visible - 1;
-		return visible;
-	}
-	required property var panels
-	required property SearchBar search
-	required property var visibilities
-
-	cacheItemCount: 4
-	highlightRangeMode: PathView.StrictlyEnforceRange
-	implicitWidth: Math.min(numItems, count) * itemWidth
-	pathItemCount: numItems
-	preferredHighlightBegin: 0.5
-	preferredHighlightEnd: 0.5
-	snapMode: PathView.SnapToItem
-
-	delegate: WallpaperItem {
-		visibilities: root.visibilities
-	}
-	model: ScriptModel {
-		id: scriptModel
-
-		readonly property string search: root.search.text.split(" ").slice(1).join(" ")
-
-		values: Wallpapers.query(search)
-
-		onValuesChanged: root.currentIndex = search ? 0 : values.findIndex(w => w.path === Wallpapers.actualCurrent)
-	}
-	path: Path {
-		startY: root.height / 2
-
-		PathAttribute {
-			name: "z"
-			value: 0
-		}
-
-		PathLine {
-			relativeY: 0
-			x: root.width / 2
-		}
-
-		PathAttribute {
-			name: "z"
-			value: 1
-		}
-
-		PathLine {
-			relativeY: 0
-			x: root.width
-		}
-	}
-
-	Component.onCompleted: currentIndex = Wallpapers.list.findIndex(w => w.path === Wallpapers.actualCurrent)
-	Component.onDestruction: Wallpapers.stopPreview()
-	onCurrentItemChanged: {
-		if (currentItem)
-			Wallpapers.preview(currentItem.modelData.path);
-	}
-}

Modules/Wallpaper/WallBackground.qml

@@ -5,103 +5,46 @@ import Quickshell.Hyprland
 import QtQuick
 import qs.Components
 import qs.Helpers
-import ZShell.Config
 import ZShell.Internal
 
 Item {
 	id: root
 
-	property bool completed
-	property real cropHeight: displayData?.height ?? 1.0
-	property real cropWidth: displayData?.width ?? 1.0
-	property real cropX: displayData?.x ?? 0.0
-	property real cropY: displayData?.y ?? 0.0
-	property WallpaperImage current
 	readonly property var displayData: Wallpapers.getCrop(screen.name)
 	required property ShellScreen screen
 	property size screenResolution: Qt.size(screen.width * screenScale, screen.height * screenScale)
 	property real screenScale: Hyprland.monitorFor(screen).scale
-	property string source: Wallpapers.current
 
 	anchors.fill: parent
 
-	Component.onCompleted: {
+	Component.onCompleted: Hyprland.refreshMonitors()
-		Hyprland.refreshMonitors();
 
-		if (source)
+	WallpaperImage {
-			Qt.callLater(() => {
+		id: img
-				current = imgComp.createObject(this, {
-					source
-				});
-				completed = true;
-			});
-	}
-	onSourceChanged: {
-		if (!source)
-			current = null;
-		else
-			current = imgComp.createObject(this, {
-				source: source
-			});
-	}
 
-	Component {
+		anchors.fill: parent
-		id: imgComp
+		cropHeight: root.displayData?.height ?? 1.0
+		cropWidth: root.displayData?.width ?? 1.0
+		cropX: root.displayData?.x ?? 0.0
+		cropY: root.displayData?.y ?? 0.0
+		fadeDuration: 150
+		screenResolution: root.screenResolution
+		source: Wallpapers.current
 
-		WallpaperImage {
+		Behavior on cropHeight {
-			id: img
+			Anim {
-
-			anchors.fill: parent
-			cropHeight: root.cropHeight
-			cropWidth: root.cropWidth
-			cropX: root.cropX
-			cropY: root.cropY
-			opacity: 0
-			screenResolution: root.screenResolution
-			source: root.source
-
-			Behavior on cropHeight {
-				Anim {
-					id: heightAnim
-				}
 			}
-			Behavior on cropWidth {
+		}
-				Anim {
+		Behavior on cropWidth {
-					id: widthAnim
+			Anim {
-				}
 			}
-			Behavior on cropX {
+		}
-				Anim {
+		Behavior on cropX {
-					id: xAnim
+			Anim {
-				}
 			}
-			Behavior on cropY {
+		}
-				Anim {
+		Behavior on cropY {
-					id: yAnim
+			Anim {
-				}
-			}
-			Anim on opacity {
-				id: anim
-
-				from: 0
-				running: false
-				to: 1
-				type: Anim.SlowEffects
-			}
-
-			onStatusChanged: {
-				if (status === Image.Ready) {
-					anim.start();
-				}
-			}
-
-			Timer {
-				id: destroyTimer
-
-				interval: anim.duration * 2
-				running: root.current !== img && root.current?.status === Image.Ready
-
-				onTriggered: Qt.callLater(() => img.destroy())
 			}
 		}
 	}

Plugins/ZShell/Components/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ qml_module(ZShell-components
         lazylistview.hpp lazylistview.cpp
 		wavyline.hpp wavyline.cpp
 		buttonrow.hpp buttonrow.cpp
+		carouselview.hpp carouselview.cpp
     LIBRARIES
         Qt::Quick
 )

Plugins/ZShell/Components/carouselview.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,785 @@
+#include "carouselview.hpp"
+
+#include <QQmlContext>
+#include <QQmlProperty>
+#include <QMouseEvent>
+#include <QWheelEvent>
+#include <QGuiApplication>
+#include <QStyleHints>
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace ZShell::components {
+
+namespace {
+constexpr qreal kDragThreshold = 4.0;	  // px before a press becomes a drag
+constexpr qreal kFlickFriction = 0.0022;  // px/ms^2 deceleration
+constexpr qreal kMinFlickVelocity = 60.0; // px/sec below which we just snap
+constexpr qreal kMaxFlickVelocity = 6000.0;
+} // namespace
+
+CarouselView::CarouselView(QQuickItem* parent) : QQuickItem(parent) {
+	setAcceptedMouseButtons(Qt::LeftButton);
+	setFlag(QQuickItem::ItemHasContents, false);
+	setClip(false);
+
+	m_glideAnim = new QVariantAnimation(this);
+	m_glideAnim->setEasingCurve(m_glideEasingType);
+	connect(
+		m_glideAnim,
+		&QVariantAnimation::valueChanged,
+		this,
+		[this](const QVariant& v) {
+			m_contentX = v.toReal();
+			wrapContentIfNeeded();
+			updateCurrentIndexFromContentX(true);
+			relayout();
+		});
+	connect(m_glideAnim, &QVariantAnimation::finished, this, [this]() {
+		updateCurrentIndexFromContentX(true);
+	});
+
+	m_flickAnim = new QVariantAnimation(this);
+	m_flickAnim->setEasingCurve(QEasingCurve::Linear);
+	connect(
+		m_flickAnim,
+		&QVariantAnimation::valueChanged,
+		this,
+		[this](const QVariant& v) {
+			m_contentX = v.toReal();
+			wrapContentIfNeeded();
+			updateCurrentIndexFromContentX(true);
+			relayout();
+		});
+	connect(m_flickAnim, &QVariantAnimation::finished, this, [this]() {
+		snapToNearest();
+	});
+}
+
+CarouselView::~CarouselView() {
+	releaseAllItems();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- properties
+
+void CarouselView::setDelegate(QQmlComponent* c) {
+	if (m_delegate == c) return;
+	m_delegate = c;
+	releaseAllItems();
+	emit delegateChanged();
+	relayout();
+}
+
+void CarouselView::setModel(const QVariantList& m) {
+	m_model = m;
+	emit modelChanged();
+
+	// Re-anchor on the currently selected path if possible, otherwise clamp.
+	int newCount = m_model.size();
+	if (newCount == 0) {
+		m_currentRealIndex = -1;
+		releaseAllItems();
+		rebuildArrangement();
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!m_initializedLayout) {
+		m_centerBlockStart = (kLoopMultiplier / 2) * newCount;
+		m_currentVirtualIndex = m_centerBlockStart;
+		m_contentX = contentXForIndex(m_currentVirtualIndex);
+		m_currentRealIndex = realIndexOf(m_currentVirtualIndex);
+		m_previewRealIndex = m_currentRealIndex;
+		m_initializedLayout = true;
+		rebuildArrangement();
+		relayout();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Model contents changed under us (e.g. search text filtered the list).
+	// Re-anchor instantly on the clamped selection -- no glide, since this
+	// isn't a user-initiated navigation.
+	rebuildArrangement();
+	centerInstantlyOnReal(qBound(0, m_currentRealIndex, newCount - 1));
+}
+
+void CarouselView::setFocalWidth(qreal v) {
+	if (qFuzzyCompare(m_focalWidth, v)) return;
+	m_focalWidth = v;
+	emit focalWidthChanged();
+	rebuildArrangement();
+	relayout();
+}
+
+void CarouselView::setMinEdgeWidth(qreal v) {
+	if (qFuzzyCompare(m_minEdgeWidth, v)) return;
+	m_minEdgeWidth = v;
+	emit minEdgeWidthChanged();
+	rebuildArrangement();
+	relayout();
+}
+
+void CarouselView::setItemSpacing(qreal v) {
+	if (qFuzzyCompare(m_itemSpacing, v)) return;
+	m_itemSpacing = v;
+	emit itemSpacingChanged();
+	rebuildArrangement();
+	relayout();
+}
+
+void CarouselView::setTileHeight(qreal v) {
+	if (qFuzzyCompare(m_tileHeight, v)) return;
+	m_tileHeight = v;
+	emit tileHeightChanged();
+	for (const Slot& s : std::as_const(m_slots)) {
+		if (s.active && s.item)
+			QQmlProperty::write(
+				s.item, QStringLiteral("tileHeight"), m_tileHeight);
+	}
+}
+
+void CarouselView::setMaxWidth(qreal v) {
+	if (qFuzzyCompare(m_maxWidth, v)) return;
+	m_maxWidth = v;
+	emit maxWidthChanged();
+	rebuildArrangement();
+	relayout();
+}
+
+void CarouselView::setGlideDuration(int v) {
+	if (m_glideDuration == v) return;
+	m_glideDuration = v;
+	emit glideDurationChanged();
+}
+
+void CarouselView::setGlideEasingType(QEasingCurve::Type t) {
+	if (m_glideEasingType == t) return;
+	m_glideEasingType = t;
+	m_glideAnim->setEasingCurve(t);
+	emit glideEasingTypeChanged();
+}
+
+void CarouselView::setDelegateProperties(const QVariantMap& v) {
+	m_delegateProperties = v;
+	emit delegatePropertiesChanged();
+	for (const Slot& s : std::as_const(m_slots)) {
+		if (s.active && s.item) {
+			for (auto it = m_delegateProperties.constBegin();
+				 it != m_delegateProperties.constEnd();
+				 ++it)
+				QQmlProperty::write(s.item, it.key(), it.value());
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void CarouselView::setCurrentIndex(int idx) {
+	goToIndex(idx);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- geometry
+
+void CarouselView::geometryChange(const QRectF& newGeo, const QRectF& oldGeo) {
+	QQuickItem::geometryChange(newGeo, oldGeo);
+	if (!qFuzzyCompare(newGeo.width(), oldGeo.width()) ||
+		!qFuzzyCompare(newGeo.height(), oldGeo.height())) {
+		// Recentre on the same virtual index rather than letting contentX
+		// drift, exactly like the QML version's onWidthChanged handler --
+		// but here it happens in the same pass as the arrangement rebuild,
+		// so x/width for every slot are recomputed together.
+		rebuildArrangement();
+		if (m_initializedLayout)
+			m_contentX = contentXForIndex(m_currentVirtualIndex);
+		relayout();
+	}
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- arrangement math
+// Direct port of the QML `arrangement` computed property + keylineCenter/
+// keylineSize/sampleCenter/sampleSize helpers. Kept numerically identical on
+// purpose so behaviour doesn't change, just *when* it's applied.
+
+void CarouselView::rebuildArrangement() {
+	Arrangement& a = m_arrangement;
+	a = Arrangement{};
+
+	// IMPORTANT: this must be the external constraint (m_maxWidth), never
+	// width() -- width() is a *result* of this computation (see below), and
+	// using it here would make the arrangement depend on its own previous
+	// output. On first layout, before width() has ever been set, that
+	// bootstraps to W==0 -> n==0 -> every side item falls back to a flat
+	// minEdgeWidth with no taper at all, which is what caused items to slide
+	// off looking "pushed out" instead of shrinking.
+	const qreal W = m_maxWidth;
+	const qreal F = m_focalWidth;
+	const qreal M = m_minEdgeWidth;
+	const qreal sp = m_itemSpacing;
+
+	if (W <= 0 || F <= 0) {
+		a.sizes = {F};
+		a.centers = {0};
+		return;
+	}
+
+	int bestN = 0;
+	QVector<qreal> bestSizes = {F};
+	qreal bestWidth = F;
+
+	for (int n = 1;; ++n) {
+		const qreal ratio = std::pow(M / F, 1.0 / n);
+		QVector<qreal> sizes = {F};
+		qreal sideWidth = 0;
+
+		for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
+			const qreal size = (i == n) ? M : F * std::pow(ratio, i);
+			sizes.push_back(size);
+			sideWidth += size;
+		}
+
+		const qreal requiredWidth = F + 2 * n * sp + 2 * sideWidth;
+		if (requiredWidth > W) break;
+
+		bestN = n;
+		bestSizes = sizes;
+		bestWidth = requiredWidth;
+
+		// Safety valve: arrangement size is bounded by how many halvings fit,
+		// this just guards against pathological inputs (F <= M etc).
+		if (n > 64) break;
+	}
+
+	a.n = bestN;
+	a.sizes = bestSizes;
+	a.width = bestWidth;
+
+	QVector<qreal> centers = {0};
+	qreal center = 0;
+	for (int i = 1; i <= bestN; ++i) {
+		center += bestSizes[i - 1] / 2.0 + sp + bestSizes[i] / 2.0;
+		centers.push_back(center);
+	}
+	a.centers = centers;
+
+	qreal extra = 0;
+	for (int i = 1; i <= bestN; ++i)
+		extra += pitch() - bestSizes[i];
+	a.effectiveExtraWidth = extra;
+
+	setImplicitWidth(m_maxWidth);
+	// This mirrors the original `width: arrangement.width` binding. It's
+	// safe against feedback because the arrangement above only ever reads
+	// m_maxWidth, never width() -- so if a.width doesn't change, setWidth()
+	// here is a no-op and geometryChange() won't recurse.
+	setWidth(a.width);
+}
+
+qreal CarouselView::keylineCenter(int io) const {
+	const int n = m_arrangement.n;
+	const int i = std::abs(io);
+	if (i == 0) return 0;
+	const int sign = io < 0 ? -1 : 1;
+
+	if (i <= n) return sign * m_arrangement.centers[i];
+
+	if (i == n + 1) {
+		const qreal lastCenter = m_arrangement.centers[n];
+		const qreal lastSize = m_arrangement.sizes[n];
+		return sign * (lastCenter + lastSize / 2.0 + m_itemSpacing +
+					   m_minEdgeWidth / 2.0);
+	}
+
+	const qreal outgoingCenter = std::abs(keylineCenter(sign * (n + 1)));
+	return sign * (outgoingCenter + m_minEdgeWidth / 2.0 + m_itemSpacing);
+}
+
+qreal CarouselView::keylineSize(int io) const {
+	const int n = m_arrangement.n;
+	const int i = std::abs(io);
+	if (i == 0) return m_focalWidth;
+	if (i <= n) return m_arrangement.sizes[i];
+	if (i == n + 1) return m_minEdgeWidth;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+qreal CarouselView::sampleCenter(qreal childLoc) const {
+	const int n = m_arrangement.n;
+	if (n <= 0) return 0;
+
+	const int minIo = -(n + 2);
+	const int maxIo = n + 2;
+	const qreal p = pitch();
+
+	const int a = static_cast<int>(std::floor(childLoc / p));
+	if (a < minIo) return keylineCenter(minIo);
+	if (a >= maxIo) return keylineCenter(maxIo);
+
+	const int b = a + 1;
+	const qreal t = (childLoc - a * p) / p;
+	return keylineCenter(a) + (keylineCenter(b) - keylineCenter(a)) * t;
+}
+
+qreal CarouselView::sampleSize(qreal childLoc) const {
+	const int n = m_arrangement.n;
+	if (n <= 0) return 0;
+
+	const int minIo = -(n + 2);
+	const int maxIo = n + 2;
+	const qreal p = pitch();
+
+	const int a = static_cast<int>(std::floor(childLoc / p));
+	if (a < minIo) return keylineSize(minIo);
+	if (a >= maxIo) return keylineSize(maxIo);
+
+	const int b = a + 1;
+	const qreal t = (childLoc - a * p) / p;
+	return keylineSize(a) + (keylineSize(b) - keylineSize(a)) * t;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- index math
+
+int CarouselView::realIndexOf(int virtualIndex) const {
+	const int count = m_model.size();
+	if (count == 0) return -1;
+	return ((virtualIndex % count) + count) % count;
+}
+
+qreal CarouselView::contentXForIndex(qreal index) const {
+	return index * pitch() + pitch() / 2.0 - width() / 2.0;
+}
+
+int CarouselView::indexForContentX(qreal x) const {
+	return static_cast<int>(
+		std::round((x + width() / 2.0 - pitch() / 2.0) / pitch()));
+}
+
+qreal CarouselView::snapTargetX(qreal x) const {
+	return contentXForIndex(indexForContentX(x));
+}
+
+void CarouselView::wrapContentIfNeeded() {
+	const int count = m_model.size();
+	if (count == 0) return;
+
+	const qreal blockWidth = count * pitch();
+	const qreal centerX = contentXForIndex(m_centerBlockStart);
+	const int blocksFromCenter =
+		static_cast<int>(std::round((m_contentX - centerX) / blockWidth));
+
+	if (std::abs(blocksFromCenter) >= 2) {
+		const qreal shift = blocksFromCenter * blockWidth;
+		m_contentX -= shift;
+
+		if (m_glideAnim->state() == QAbstractAnimation::Running) {
+			const qreal newEnd = m_glideAnim->endValue().toReal() - shift;
+			m_glideAnim->setEndValue(newEnd);
+		}
+		if (m_flickAnim->state() == QAbstractAnimation::Running) {
+			const qreal newEnd = m_flickAnim->endValue().toReal() - shift;
+			m_flickAnim->setEndValue(newEnd);
+		}
+		// Also shift every currently-live slot's virtual index bookkeeping so
+		// it doesn't think it needs to be recycled just because of the wrap.
+		const int indexShift = static_cast<int>(std::round(shift / pitch()));
+		for (Slot& s : m_slots) {
+			if (s.active) s.virtualIndex -= indexShift;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void CarouselView::updateCurrentIndexFromContentX(bool emitPreview) {
+	const int count = m_model.size();
+	if (count == 0) return;
+
+	const int newVirtual = static_cast<int>(
+		std::round((m_contentX + width() / 2.0 - pitch() / 2.0) / pitch()));
+	if (newVirtual == m_currentVirtualIndex) return;
+
+	m_currentVirtualIndex = newVirtual;
+	const int newReal = realIndexOf(newVirtual);
+
+	if (newReal != m_currentRealIndex) {
+		m_currentRealIndex = newReal;
+		emit currentIndexChanged();
+	}
+	if (emitPreview && newReal != m_previewRealIndex) {
+		m_previewRealIndex = newReal;
+		if (newReal >= 0)
+			emit previewIndexChanged(newReal, m_model.at(newReal));
+	}
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- pool / delegates
+
+QQuickItem* CarouselView::acquireItem() {
+	if (!m_delegate) return nullptr;
+
+	QQmlContext* ctx = QQmlEngine::contextForObject(this);
+	QVariantMap initial;
+	initial.insert(QStringLiteral("isCurrent"), false);
+	initial.insert(QStringLiteral("modelData"), QVariant());
+	initial.insert(QStringLiteral("tileHeight"), m_tileHeight);
+	initial.insert(QStringLiteral("tileWidth"), m_focalWidth);
+	for (auto it = m_delegateProperties.constBegin();
+		 it != m_delegateProperties.constEnd();
+		 ++it)
+		initial.insert(it.key(), it.value());
+
+	QObject* obj = m_delegate->createWithInitialProperties(initial, ctx);
+	if (!obj) {
+		qWarning(
+			"CarouselView: failed to create delegate instance: %s",
+			qPrintable(m_delegate->errorString()));
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+	QQuickItem* item = qobject_cast<QQuickItem*>(obj);
+	if (!item) {
+		qWarning("CarouselView: delegate root is not an Item");
+		delete obj;
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+
+	item->setParentItem(this);
+	QQmlEngine::setObjectOwnership(item, QQmlEngine::CppOwnership);
+
+	const QMetaMethod activateSignal = item->metaObject()->method(
+		item->metaObject()->indexOfSignal("requestActivate()"));
+	if (activateSignal.isValid()) {
+		static const QMetaMethod slot = metaObject()->method(
+			metaObject()->indexOfSlot("handleDelegateActivate()"));
+		connect(item, activateSignal, this, slot);
+	}
+
+	return item;
+}
+
+void CarouselView::applyPropertiesToItem(QQuickItem* item, int realIndex) const {
+	if (!item) return;
+	const bool isCurrent = (realIndex == m_currentRealIndex);
+	QQmlProperty::write(item, QStringLiteral("isCurrent"), isCurrent);
+	QQmlProperty::write(
+		item,
+		QStringLiteral("modelData"),
+		realIndex >= 0 && realIndex < m_model.size() ? m_model.at(realIndex)
+													 : QVariant());
+	QQmlProperty::write(item, QStringLiteral("tileHeight"), m_tileHeight);
+}
+
+void CarouselView::updateSlotContent(Slot& slot, int virtualIndex) {
+	if (!slot.item) slot.item = acquireItem();
+	if (!slot.item) return;
+
+	slot.virtualIndex = virtualIndex;
+	slot.realIndex = realIndexOf(virtualIndex);
+	slot.active = slot.realIndex >= 0;
+	slot.item->setVisible(slot.active);
+	if (slot.active) applyPropertiesToItem(slot.item, slot.realIndex);
+}
+
+void CarouselView::positionSlot(const Slot& slot) const {
+	if (!slot.item || !slot.active) return;
+
+	const qreal childLoc = slot.virtualIndex * pitch() + pitch() / 2.0 -
+						   m_contentX - width() / 2.0;
+	const qreal center = sampleCenter(childLoc);
+	const qreal size = sampleSize(childLoc);
+
+	// slot's "column" spans one pitch, centred at width()/2 + center; item is
+	// centred within that column, matching the QML delegate's x expression.
+	const qreal slotX = childLoc + width() / 2.0 - pitch() / 2.0;
+	const qreal itemX = (center - childLoc) + (pitch() - size) / 2.0 + slotX;
+
+	QQmlProperty::write(slot.item, QStringLiteral("tileWidth"), size);
+	slot.item->setX(itemX);
+	slot.item->setY(0);
+	slot.item->setVisible(size > 0.5);
+}
+
+void CarouselView::releaseAllItems() {
+	for (Slot& s : m_slots) {
+		if (s.item) s.item->deleteLater();
+	}
+	m_slots.clear();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- layout pass
+
+void CarouselView::relayout() {
+	const int count = m_model.size();
+	if (count == 0 || width() <= 0 || m_focalWidth <= 0) {
+		for (Slot& s : m_slots)
+			if (s.item) s.item->setVisible(false);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	const int n = m_arrangement.n;
+	// Window of virtual indices that can ever be visible, plus a small buffer
+	// so items don't pop in/out right at the edge during a fast flick.
+	const int half = n + 3;
+	const int lo = m_currentVirtualIndex - half;
+	const int hi = m_currentVirtualIndex + half;
+	const int needed = hi - lo + 1;
+
+	// Grow the pool if needed (shrinking is unnecessary: idle items are just
+	// marked inactive/invisible, which is cheap and avoids churn).
+	while (m_slots.size() < needed)
+		m_slots.append(Slot{});
+
+	// Figure out which virtual indices are already backed by a slot.
+	QHash<int, int> virtualToSlot; // virtualIndex -> slot list position
+	virtualToSlot.reserve(m_slots.size());
+	for (int i = 0; i < m_slots.size(); ++i) {
+		if (m_slots[i].active) virtualToSlot.insert(m_slots[i].virtualIndex, i);
+	}
+
+	QVector<bool> slotUsedThisPass(m_slots.size(), false);
+
+	for (int v = lo; v <= hi; ++v) {
+		auto it = virtualToSlot.find(v);
+		if (it != virtualToSlot.end()) {
+			slotUsedThisPass[it.value()] = true;
+			// Content (isCurrent / modelData) may still need refreshing if
+			// currentRealIndex changed since last pass.
+			applyPropertiesToItem(
+				m_slots[it.value()].item, m_slots[it.value()].realIndex);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// find a free slot: one not used this pass and not already at a
+		// virtual index inside [lo, hi] (those are all still needed).
+		int freeSlot = -1;
+		for (int i = 0; i < m_slots.size(); ++i) {
+			if (slotUsedThisPass[i]) continue;
+			if (m_slots[i].active && m_slots[i].virtualIndex >= lo &&
+				m_slots[i].virtualIndex <= hi)
+				continue;
+			freeSlot = i;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (freeSlot < 0) {
+			// Shouldn't happen given the pool growth above, but guard anyway.
+			m_slots.append(Slot{});
+			slotUsedThisPass.append(false);
+			freeSlot = m_slots.size() - 1;
+		}
+
+		updateSlotContent(m_slots[freeSlot], v);
+		slotUsedThisPass[freeSlot] = true;
+	}
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < m_slots.size(); ++i) {
+		if (!slotUsedThisPass[i] && m_slots[i].item) {
+			m_slots[i].active = false;
+			m_slots[i].item->setVisible(false);
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (const Slot& s : std::as_const(m_slots))
+		positionSlot(s);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- animation
+
+void CarouselView::cancelAnimations() {
+	if (m_glideAnim->state() == QAbstractAnimation::Running)
+		m_glideAnim->stop();
+	if (m_flickAnim->state() == QAbstractAnimation::Running)
+		m_flickAnim->stop();
+}
+
+void CarouselView::glideTo(qreal dest) {
+	if (std::abs(dest - m_contentX) < 0.5) return;
+
+	cancelAnimations();
+	m_glideAnim->setDuration(m_glideDuration);
+	m_glideAnim->setStartValue(m_contentX);
+	m_glideAnim->setEndValue(dest);
+	m_glideAnim->start();
+}
+
+void CarouselView::snapToNearest() {
+	glideTo(snapTargetX(m_contentX));
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- public API
+
+void CarouselView::goToIndex(int realIndex) {
+	const int count = m_model.size();
+	if (count == 0) return;
+	realIndex = qBound(0, realIndex, count - 1);
+
+	const int curBlock =
+		static_cast<int>(std::floor(qreal(m_currentVirtualIndex) / count));
+	const int current = m_currentVirtualIndex;
+	int target = curBlock * count + realIndex;
+
+	if (target - current > count / 2)
+		target -= count;
+	else if (current - target > count / 2)
+		target += count;
+
+	glideTo(contentXForIndex(target));
+}
+
+void CarouselView::incrementCurrentIndex() {
+	if (m_model.isEmpty()) return;
+	glideTo(contentXForIndex(m_currentVirtualIndex + 1));
+}
+
+void CarouselView::decrementCurrentIndex() {
+	if (m_model.isEmpty()) return;
+	glideTo(contentXForIndex(m_currentVirtualIndex - 1));
+}
+
+void CarouselView::jumpToIndex(int realIndex) {
+	centerInstantlyOnReal(realIndex);
+}
+
+void CarouselView::centerInstantlyOnReal(int realIndex) {
+	const int count = m_model.size();
+	if (count == 0) return;
+	realIndex = qBound(0, realIndex, count - 1);
+
+	cancelAnimations();
+
+	const int curBlock =
+		static_cast<int>(std::floor(qreal(m_currentVirtualIndex) / count));
+	const int current = m_currentVirtualIndex;
+	int target = curBlock * count + realIndex;
+
+	if (target - current > count / 2)
+		target -= count;
+	else if (current - target > count / 2)
+		target += count;
+
+	m_currentVirtualIndex = target;
+	m_contentX = contentXForIndex(target);
+
+	const bool changed = (realIndex != m_currentRealIndex);
+	m_currentRealIndex = realIndex;
+	m_previewRealIndex = realIndex;
+	if (changed) emit currentIndexChanged();
+	emit previewIndexChanged(realIndex, m_model.at(realIndex));
+
+	relayout();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- input
+
+void CarouselView::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* event) {
+	// Deliberately do NOT cancel animations here. A press that turns out to
+	// be a plain tap (never crosses the drag threshold) should leave any
+	// in-flight glide/flick completely untouched. We only touch the
+	// animation once we know it's actually a drag (see mouseMoveEvent).
+	m_dragging = true;
+	m_dragActive = false;
+	m_pressPos = event->position();
+	// Capture wherever contentX currently is, even mid-animation -- if this
+	// does turn into a drag, it should pick up smoothly from the visual
+	// position, not teleport to some rest position first.
+	m_pressContentX = m_contentX;
+	m_dragTimer.start();
+	m_lastMoveX = event->position().x();
+	m_lastMoveT = 0;
+	m_velocity = 0;
+	event->accept();
+}
+
+void CarouselView::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent* event) {
+	if (!m_dragging) return;
+
+	const qreal dx = event->position().x() - m_pressPos.x();
+	if (!m_dragActive && std::abs(dx) > kDragThreshold) {
+		m_dragActive = true;
+		m_pressContentX =
+			m_contentX; // re-anchor to the live (possibly mid-animation) value
+		cancelAnimations();
+		grabMouse();
+	}
+	if (!m_dragActive) return;
+
+	m_contentX = m_pressContentX - dx;
+	wrapContentIfNeeded();
+	updateCurrentIndexFromContentX(true);
+	relayout();
+
+	const qint64 t = m_dragTimer.elapsed();
+	const qint64 dt = t - m_lastMoveT;
+	if (dt > 0) {
+		const qreal instVel =
+			(m_lastMoveX - event->position().x()) / (dt / 1000.0);
+		// Light smoothing so a single jittery sample doesn't dominate the flick.
+		m_velocity = m_velocity * 0.7 + instVel * 0.3;
+	}
+	m_lastMoveX = event->position().x();
+	m_lastMoveT = t;
+
+	event->accept();
+}
+
+void CarouselView::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent* event) {
+	if (!m_dragging) return;
+	m_dragging = false;
+	ungrabMouse();
+
+	if (!m_dragActive) {
+		// A plain click/tap with no drag: let it fall through to the
+		// delegate's own StateLayer/MouseArea via requestActivate().
+		event->accept();
+		return;
+	}
+	m_dragActive = false;
+
+	qreal v = qBound(-kMaxFlickVelocity, m_velocity, kMaxFlickVelocity);
+	if (std::abs(v) < kMinFlickVelocity) {
+		snapToNearest();
+		event->accept();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Simple constant-deceleration flick: distance = v^2 / (2*friction).
+	const qreal duration = std::abs(v) / (kFlickFriction * 1000.0); // ms
+	const qreal distance =
+		(v * (duration / 1000.0)) / 2.0; // average-velocity approximation
+	const qreal rawDest = m_contentX + distance;
+	const qreal dest = snapTargetX(rawDest);
+
+	cancelAnimations();
+	m_flickAnim->setDuration(
+		static_cast<int>(qBound<qreal>(120, duration, 900)));
+	m_flickAnim->setEasingCurve(QEasingCurve::OutCubic);
+	m_flickAnim->setStartValue(m_contentX);
+	m_flickAnim->setEndValue(dest);
+	m_flickAnim->start();
+
+	event->accept();
+}
+
+void CarouselView::mouseUngrabEvent() {
+	m_dragging = false;
+	m_dragActive = false;
+}
+
+void CarouselView::wheelEvent(QWheelEvent* event) {
+	const int steps = event->angleDelta().y() / 120;
+	if (steps > 0)
+		decrementCurrentIndex();
+	else if (steps < 0)
+		incrementCurrentIndex();
+	event->accept();
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- delegate signal
+
+void CarouselView::handleDelegateActivate() {
+	QQuickItem* item = qobject_cast<QQuickItem*>(sender());
+	if (!item) return;
+
+	for (const Slot& s : std::as_const(m_slots)) {
+		if (s.item == item && s.active) {
+			if (s.realIndex == m_currentRealIndex) {
+				emit activated(s.realIndex, m_model.at(s.realIndex));
+			} else {
+				goToIndex(s.realIndex);
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace ZShell::components

Plugins/ZShell/Components/carouselview.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <QQuickItem>
+#include <QQmlComponent>
+#include <QQmlEngine>
+#include <QVariantList>
+#include <QVariantAnimation>
+#include <QEasingCurve>
+#include <QElapsedTimer>
+#include <QPointF>
+#include <QVector>
+#include <QList>
+
+namespace ZShell::components {
+
+class CarouselView : public QQuickItem {
+	Q_OBJECT
+	QML_ELEMENT
+
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		QQmlComponent* delegate READ delegate WRITE setDelegate NOTIFY
+			delegateChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(QVariantList model READ model WRITE setModel NOTIFY modelChanged)
+
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		qreal focalWidth READ focalWidth WRITE setFocalWidth NOTIFY
+			focalWidthChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		qreal minEdgeWidth READ minEdgeWidth WRITE setMinEdgeWidth NOTIFY
+			minEdgeWidthChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		qreal itemSpacing READ itemSpacing WRITE setItemSpacing NOTIFY
+			itemSpacingChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		qreal tileHeight READ tileHeight WRITE setTileHeight NOTIFY
+			tileHeightChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		qreal maxWidth READ maxWidth WRITE setMaxWidth NOTIFY maxWidthChanged)
+
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		int currentIndex READ currentIndex WRITE setCurrentIndex NOTIFY
+			currentIndexChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		int glideDuration READ glideDuration WRITE setGlideDuration NOTIFY
+			glideDurationChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		QEasingCurve::Type glideEasingType READ glideEasingType WRITE
+			setGlideEasingType NOTIFY glideEasingTypeChanged)
+
+	// Extra properties (e.g. { visibilities: root.visibilities }) forwarded
+	// verbatim onto every delegate instance as a property of the same name.
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		QVariantMap delegateProperties READ delegateProperties WRITE
+			setDelegateProperties NOTIFY delegatePropertiesChanged)
+
+	public:
+	explicit CarouselView(QQuickItem* parent = nullptr);
+	~CarouselView() override;
+
+	QQmlComponent* delegate() const { return m_delegate; }
+	void setDelegate(QQmlComponent* c);
+
+	QVariantList model() const { return m_model; }
+	void setModel(const QVariantList& m);
+
+	qreal focalWidth() const { return m_focalWidth; }
+	void setFocalWidth(qreal v);
+
+	qreal minEdgeWidth() const { return m_minEdgeWidth; }
+	void setMinEdgeWidth(qreal v);
+
+	qreal itemSpacing() const { return m_itemSpacing; }
+	void setItemSpacing(qreal v);
+
+	qreal tileHeight() const { return m_tileHeight; }
+	void setTileHeight(qreal v);
+
+	qreal maxWidth() const { return m_maxWidth; }
+	void setMaxWidth(qreal v);
+
+	int currentIndex() const { return m_currentRealIndex; }
+	void setCurrentIndex(int idx); // jumps (animated glide) to a real index
+
+	int glideDuration() const { return m_glideDuration; }
+	void setGlideDuration(int v);
+
+	QEasingCurve::Type glideEasingType() const { return m_glideEasingType; }
+	void setGlideEasingType(QEasingCurve::Type t);
+
+	QVariantMap delegateProperties() const { return m_delegateProperties; }
+	void setDelegateProperties(const QVariantMap& v);
+
+	// Animated (glides).
+	Q_INVOKABLE void goToIndex(int realIndex);
+	Q_INVOKABLE void incrementCurrentIndex();
+	Q_INVOKABLE void decrementCurrentIndex();
+
+	// Instant, no animation -- use for initial placement (e.g. restoring the
+	// saved wallpaper on Component.onCompleted) where a glide would be wrong.
+	Q_INVOKABLE void jumpToIndex(int realIndex);
+
+	signals:
+	void delegateChanged();
+	void modelChanged();
+	void focalWidthChanged();
+	void minEdgeWidthChanged();
+	void itemSpacingChanged();
+	void tileHeightChanged();
+	void maxWidthChanged();
+	void currentIndexChanged();
+	void glideDurationChanged();
+	void glideEasingTypeChanged();
+	void delegatePropertiesChanged();
+
+	// Emitted when the currently-centred delegate is clicked while already
+	// centred (i.e. "activate/select this one").
+	void activated(int realIndex, QVariant modelData);
+	// Emitted continuously as the centred item changes, for preview-on-scroll
+	// behaviour (used to drive Wallpapers.preview() from QML).
+	void previewIndexChanged(int realIndex, QVariant modelData);
+
+	protected:
+	void geometryChange(const QRectF& newGeo, const QRectF& oldGeo) override;
+	void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent* event) override;
+	void mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent* event) override;
+	void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent* event) override;
+	void mouseUngrabEvent() override;
+	void wheelEvent(QWheelEvent* event) override;
+
+	private slots:
+	void handleDelegateActivate();
+
+	private:
+	struct Arrangement {
+		int n = 0;
+		qreal width = 0;
+		QVector<qreal> sizes; // sizes[0] = focal, sizes[i] = i-th side item
+		QVector<qreal>
+			centers; // centers[0] = 0, centers[i] = i-th side centre offset
+		qreal effectiveExtraWidth = 0;
+	};
+
+	struct Slot {
+		QQuickItem* item = nullptr;
+		int virtualIndex =
+			0; // which "virtual" (unbounded) index this slot currently renders
+		int realIndex = -1; // resolved model index, -1 if none / hidden
+		bool active = false;
+	};
+
+	void rebuildArrangement();
+	void relayout(); // recomputes window + positions every slot (one pass)
+	void updateSlotContent(Slot& slot, int virtualIndex);
+	void positionSlot(const Slot& slot) const;
+	void applyPropertiesToItem(QQuickItem* item, int realIndex) const;
+
+	qreal pitch() const { return m_focalWidth + m_itemSpacing; }
+	qreal contentXForIndex(qreal index) const;
+	int indexForContentX(qreal x) const;
+	qreal snapTargetX(qreal x) const;
+	void snapToNearest();
+	void glideTo(qreal dest);
+	void cancelAnimations();
+
+	qreal keylineCenter(int io) const;
+	qreal keylineSize(int io) const;
+	qreal sampleCenter(qreal childLoc) const;
+	qreal sampleSize(qreal childLoc) const;
+
+	int realIndexOf(int virtualIndex) const;
+	void updateCurrentIndexFromContentX(bool emitPreview);
+	void wrapContentIfNeeded();
+	void centerInstantlyOnReal(int realIndex); // no animation, no glide
+
+	QQuickItem* acquireItem();
+	void releaseAllItems();
+
+	QQmlComponent* m_delegate = nullptr;
+	QVariantList m_model;
+	QVariantMap m_delegateProperties;
+
+	qreal m_focalWidth = 0;
+	qreal m_minEdgeWidth = 56;
+	qreal m_itemSpacing = 8;
+	qreal m_tileHeight = 0;
+	qreal m_maxWidth = 0;
+
+	Arrangement m_arrangement;
+
+	qreal m_contentX = 0;
+	int m_currentVirtualIndex = 0;
+	int m_currentRealIndex = -1;
+	int m_previewRealIndex = -1;
+
+	static constexpr int kLoopMultiplier = 401;
+	int m_centerBlockStart = 0;
+
+	QList<Slot>
+		m_slots; // pooled delegate slots, unordered; window recomputed each relayout
+
+	int m_glideDuration = 250;
+	QEasingCurve::Type m_glideEasingType = QEasingCurve::OutCubic;
+	QVariantAnimation* m_glideAnim = nullptr;
+
+	// Drag / flick state
+	bool m_dragging = false;
+	bool m_dragActive = false; // exceeded the drag threshold
+	QPointF m_pressPos;
+	qreal m_pressContentX = 0;
+	QElapsedTimer m_dragTimer;
+	qreal m_lastMoveX = 0;
+	qint64 m_lastMoveT = 0;
+	qreal m_velocity = 0; // px/sec
+	QVariantAnimation* m_flickAnim = nullptr;
+
+	bool m_initializedLayout = false;
+	bool m_relayoutQueued = false;
+};
+
+}; // namespace ZShell::components

Plugins/ZShell/Internal/cachingimagemanager.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "cachingimagemanager.hpp"
 
+#include <algorithm>
+
 #include <QtQuick/qquickwindow.h>
 #include <qcryptographichash.h>
 #include <qdir.h>
@@ -7,10 +9,27 @@
 #include <qfuturewatcher.h>
 #include <qimagereader.h>
 #include <qpainter.h>
+#include <qthread.h>
+#include <qthreadpool.h>
 #include <qtconcurrentrun.h>
 
 namespace ZShell::internal {
 
+namespace {
+
+QThreadPool* imageIoPool() {
+	static QThreadPool pool;
+	static const bool init = [] {
+		pool.setMaxThreadCount(std::max(2, QThread::idealThreadCount() / 2));
+		return true;
+	}();
+	(void)init;
+
+	return &pool;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
 qreal CachingImageManager::effectiveScale() const {
 	if (m_item && m_item->window()) {
 		return m_item->window()->devicePixelRatio();
@@ -101,14 +120,13 @@ void CachingImageManager::updateSource() {
 
 void CachingImageManager::updateSource(const QString& path) {
 	if (path.isEmpty() || path == m_shaPath) {
-		// Path is empty or already calculating sha for path
 		return;
 	}
 
 	m_shaPath = path;
 
 	const auto future =
-		QtConcurrent::run(&CachingImageManager::sha256sum, path);
+		QtConcurrent::run(imageIoPool(), &CachingImageManager::sha256sum, path);
 
 	const auto watcher = new QFutureWatcher<QString>(this);
 
@@ -118,7 +136,16 @@ void CachingImageManager::updateSource(const QString& path) {
 		this,
 		[watcher, path, this]() {
 			if (m_path != path) {
-				// Object is destroyed or path has changed, ignore
+				watcher->deleteLater();
+				return;
+			}
+
+			const QString key = watcher->result();
+
+			if (key.isEmpty()) {
+				if (m_shaPath == path) {
+					m_shaPath = QString();
+				}
 				watcher->deleteLater();
 				return;
 			}
@@ -126,19 +153,29 @@ void CachingImageManager::updateSource(const QString& path) {
 			const QSize size = effectiveSize();
 
 			if (!m_item || !size.width() || !size.height()) {
+				if (m_shaPath == path) {
+					m_shaPath = QString();
+				}
 				watcher->deleteLater();
 				return;
 			}
 
 			const QString fillMode = m_item->property("fillMode").toString();
-			// clang-format off
+			const QString filename =
-        const QString filename = QString("%1@%2x%3-%4.png")
+				QString("%1@%2x%3-%4.png")
-            .arg(watcher->result()).arg(size.width()).arg(size.height())
+					.arg(key)
-            .arg(fillMode == "PreserveAspectCrop" ? "crop" : fillMode == "PreserveAspectFit" ? "fit" : "stretch");
+					.arg(size.width())
-			// clang-format on
+					.arg(size.height())
+					.arg(
+						fillMode == "PreserveAspectCrop"  ? "crop"
+						: fillMode == "PreserveAspectFit" ? "fit"
+														  : "stretch");
 
 			const QUrl cache = m_cacheDir.resolved(QUrl(filename));
 			if (m_cachePath == cache) {
+				if (m_shaPath == path) {
+					m_shaPath = QString();
+				}
 				watcher->deleteLater();
 				return;
 			}
@@ -149,6 +186,9 @@ void CachingImageManager::updateSource(const QString& path) {
 			if (!cache.isLocalFile()) {
 				qWarning() << "CachingImageManager::updateSource: cachePath"
 						   << cache << "is not a local file";
+				if (m_shaPath == path) {
+					m_shaPath = QString();
+				}
 				watcher->deleteLater();
 				return;
 			}
@@ -161,7 +201,6 @@ void CachingImageManager::updateSource(const QString& path) {
 				createCache(path, cache.toLocalFile(), fillMode, size);
 			}
 
-			// Clear current running sha if same
 			if (m_shaPath == path) {
 				m_shaPath = QString();
 			}
@@ -170,7 +209,6 @@ void CachingImageManager::updateSource(const QString& path) {
 		});
 
 	watcher->setFuture(future);
-	// NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks)
 }
 
 QUrl CachingImageManager::cachePath() const {
@@ -182,61 +220,105 @@ void CachingImageManager::createCache(
 	const QString& cache,
 	const QString& fillMode,
 	const QSize& size) const {
-	QThreadPool::globalInstance()->start([path, cache, fillMode, size] {
+	auto* watcher =
-		QImage image(path);
+		new QFutureWatcher<bool>(const_cast<CachingImageManager*>(this));
 
-		if (image.isNull()) {
+	connect(
-			qWarning() << "CachingImageManager::createCache: failed to read"
+		watcher,
-					   << path;
+		&QFutureWatcher<bool>::finished,
-			return;
+		this,
-		}
+		[this, watcher, cache, path]() {
+			if (watcher->result() && m_item && m_path == path &&
+				m_cachePath.toLocalFile() == cache) {
+				m_item->setProperty("source", QUrl::fromLocalFile(cache));
+			}
 
-		image.convertTo(QImage::Format_ARGB32);
+			watcher->deleteLater();
+		});
 
-		if (fillMode == "PreserveAspectCrop") {
+	const auto future =
-			image = image.scaled(
+		QtConcurrent::run(
-				size, Qt::KeepAspectRatioByExpanding, Qt::SmoothTransformation);
+			imageIoPool(), [path, cache, fillMode, size]() -> bool {
-		} else if (fillMode == "PreserveAspectFit") {
+				QImageReader reader(path);
-			image = image.scaled(
-				size, Qt::KeepAspectRatio, Qt::SmoothTransformation);
-		} else {
-			image = image.scaled(
-				size, Qt::IgnoreAspectRatio, Qt::SmoothTransformation);
-		}
 
-		if (fillMode == "PreserveAspectCrop" ||
+				if (reader.supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::ScaledSize)) {
-			fillMode == "PreserveAspectFit") {
+					const QSize full = reader.size();
-			QImage canvas(size, QImage::Format_ARGB32);
+					if (full.isValid() && !full.isEmpty()) {
-			canvas.fill(Qt::transparent);
+						const QSize hint = size * 2;
+						QSize scaled = full;
+						scaled.scale(hint, Qt::KeepAspectRatioByExpanding);
+						scaled = QSize(
+							std::min(scaled.width(), full.width()),
+							std::min(scaled.height(), full.height()));
+						reader.setScaledSize(scaled);
+					}
+				}
 
-			QPainter painter(&canvas);
+				QImage image = reader.read();
-			painter.drawImage(
-				(size.width() - image.width()) / 2,
-				(size.height() - image.height()) / 2,
-				image);
-			painter.end();
 
-			image = canvas;
+				if (image.isNull()) {
-		}
+					qWarning()
+						<< "CachingImageManager::createCache: failed to read"
+						<< path << reader.errorString();
+					return false;
+				}
 
-		const QString parent = QFileInfo(cache).absolutePath();
+				image.convertTo(QImage::Format_ARGB32);
-		if (!QDir().mkpath(parent) || !image.save(cache)) {
+
-			qWarning() << "CachingImageManager::createCache: failed to save to"
+				if (fillMode == "PreserveAspectCrop") {
-					   << cache;
+					image = image.scaled(
-		}
+						size,
-	});
+						Qt::KeepAspectRatioByExpanding,
+						Qt::SmoothTransformation);
+				} else if (fillMode == "PreserveAspectFit") {
+					image = image.scaled(
+						size, Qt::KeepAspectRatio, Qt::SmoothTransformation);
+				} else {
+					image = image.scaled(
+						size, Qt::IgnoreAspectRatio, Qt::SmoothTransformation);
+				}
+
+				if (fillMode == "PreserveAspectCrop" ||
+					fillMode == "PreserveAspectFit") {
+					QImage canvas(size, QImage::Format_ARGB32);
+					canvas.fill(Qt::transparent);
+
+					QPainter painter(&canvas);
+					painter.drawImage(
+						(size.width() - image.width()) / 2,
+						(size.height() - image.height()) / 2,
+						image);
+					painter.end();
+
+					image = canvas;
+				}
+
+				const QString parent = QFileInfo(cache).absolutePath();
+				if (!QDir().mkpath(parent) || !image.save(cache)) {
+					qWarning()
+						<< "CachingImageManager::createCache: failed to save to"
+						<< cache;
+					return false;
+				}
+
+				return true;
+			});
+
+	watcher->setFuture(future);
 }
 
 QString CachingImageManager::sha256sum(const QString& path) {
-	QFile file(path);
+	const QFileInfo info(path);
-	if (!file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
+
-		qWarning() << "CachingImageManager::sha256sum: failed to open" << path;
+	if (!info.exists() || !info.isFile()) {
-		return "";
+		qWarning() << "CachingImageManager::sha256sum: failed to stat" << path;
+		return QString();
 	}
 
 	QCryptographicHash hash(QCryptographicHash::Sha256);
-	hash.addData(&file);
+	hash.addData(path.toUtf8());
-	file.close();
+	hash.addData(QByteArray::number(info.size()));
+	hash.addData(QByteArray::number(info.lastModified().toMSecsSinceEpoch()));
 
 	return hash.result().toHex();
 }

Plugins/ZShell/Internal/wallpaperimage.cpp

@@ -4,14 +4,31 @@
 #include <QCryptographicHash>
 #include <QDir>
 #include <QFileInfo>
+#include <QImageReader>
 #include <QtConcurrent>
-#include <QSGImageNode>
 #include <QQuickWindow>
 
 namespace ZShell::internal {
 
+QThreadPool* WallpaperImage::loadPool() {
+	static QThreadPool* pool = [] {
+		auto* p = new QThreadPool();
+		p->setMaxThreadCount(4);
+		return p;
+	}();
+	return pool;
+}
+
 WallpaperImage::WallpaperImage(QQuickItem* parent) : QQuickItem(parent) {
 	setFlag(ItemHasContents, true);
+
+	m_loadDebounceTimer.setSingleShot(true);
+	connect(
+		&m_loadDebounceTimer,
+		&QTimer::timeout,
+		this,
+		&WallpaperImage::beginLoad);
+
 	connect(
 		&m_imageWatcher,
 		&QFutureWatcher<QImage>::finished,
@@ -20,12 +37,15 @@ WallpaperImage::WallpaperImage(QQuickItem* parent) : QQuickItem(parent) {
 }
 
 WallpaperImage::~WallpaperImage() {
+	m_requestGeneration->fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+	m_imageWatcher.disconnect();
+
 	if (m_texture) delete m_texture;
+	if (m_previousTexture) delete m_previousTexture;
 }
 
 void WallpaperImage::setStatus(const Status s) {
 	if (m_status == s) return;
-
 	m_status = s;
 	emit statusChanged();
 }
@@ -36,14 +56,14 @@ void WallpaperImage::setSource(const QUrl& source) {
 	emit sourceChanged();
 
 	setStatus(Loading);
-	loadImage();
+	m_loadDebounceTimer.start(80);
 }
 
 void WallpaperImage::setScreenResolution(const QSize& screenResolution) {
 	if (m_screenResolution == screenResolution) return;
 	m_screenResolution = screenResolution;
 	emit screenResolutionChanged();
-	loadImage();
+	beginLoad();
 }
 
 void WallpaperImage::setZoom(qreal zoom) {
@@ -53,6 +73,13 @@ void WallpaperImage::setZoom(qreal zoom) {
 	update();
 }
 
+void WallpaperImage::setFadeDuration(int ms) {
+	if (ms < 0) ms = 0;
+	if (m_fadeDuration == ms) return;
+	m_fadeDuration = ms;
+	emit fadeDurationChanged();
+}
+
 void WallpaperImage::setCropX(qreal x) {
 	if (qFuzzyCompare(m_cropX, x)) return;
 	m_cropX = x;
@@ -100,143 +127,227 @@ QString WallpaperImage::getCacheFilePath() const {
 	return cachePath + "/" + hash + ".png";
 }
 
-void WallpaperImage::loadImage() {
+void WallpaperImage::beginLoad() {
 	if (m_source.isEmpty()) {
 		setStatus(Null);
 		return;
 	}
 
+	const quint64 requestId =
+		m_requestGeneration->fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+
 	QString cacheFile = getCacheFilePath();
 	QString sourceFile = m_source.isLocalFile() ? m_source.toLocalFile()
 												: m_source.toString();
-
+	if (sourceFile.startsWith("qrc:/")) sourceFile = sourceFile.mid(3);
-	if (sourceFile.startsWith("qrc:/")) {
-		sourceFile = sourceFile.mid(3);
-	}
 
 	QSize targetRes = m_screenResolution;
+	auto generation = m_requestGeneration;
+
+	QFuture<QImage> future = QtConcurrent::run(
+		loadPool(),
+		[sourceFile, cacheFile, targetRes, requestId, generation]() -> QImage {
+			auto stale = [&] {
+				return generation->load(std::memory_order_relaxed) != requestId;
+			};
+
+			if (stale()) return QImage();
 
-	QFuture<QImage> future =
-		QtConcurrent::run([sourceFile, cacheFile, targetRes]() -> QImage {
 			if (!targetRes.isEmpty() && !cacheFile.isEmpty() &&
 				QFileInfo::exists(cacheFile)) {
 				QImage cached(cacheFile);
 				if (!cached.isNull()) return cached;
 			}
 
-			QImage original(sourceFile);
+			if (stale()) return QImage();
+
+			QImage original;
+			QImageReader reader(sourceFile);
+			if (!targetRes.isEmpty() &&
+				reader.supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::Size)) {
+				QSize actual = reader.size();
+				if (actual.isValid() &&
+					(actual.width() > targetRes.width() ||
+					 actual.height() > targetRes.height())) {
+					QSize scaledSize =
+						actual.scaled(targetRes, Qt::KeepAspectRatioByExpanding);
+					reader.setScaledSize(scaledSize);
+				}
+				original = reader.read();
+			} else {
+				original = QImage(sourceFile);
+			}
 			if (original.isNull()) return QImage();
 
-			if (targetRes.isEmpty()) {
+			if (stale()) return QImage();
-				return original;
-			}
 
-			if (original.width() > targetRes.width() ||
+			if (targetRes.isEmpty()) return original;
-				original.height() > targetRes.height()) {
-				QImage scaled = original.scaled(
-					targetRes,
-					Qt::KeepAspectRatioByExpanding,
-					Qt::SmoothTransformation);
-				if (!cacheFile.isEmpty()) scaled.save(cacheFile, "PNG");
-				return scaled;
-			}
 
-			if (!cacheFile.isEmpty()) original.save(cacheFile, "PNG");
+			QImage scaled = (original.width() > targetRes.width() ||
-			return original;
+							 original.height() > targetRes.height())
+								? original.scaled(
+									  targetRes,
+									  Qt::KeepAspectRatioByExpanding,
+									  Qt::SmoothTransformation)
+								: original;
+
+			if (stale()) return scaled;
+
+			if (!cacheFile.isEmpty()) scaled.save(cacheFile, "PNG");
+			return scaled;
 		});
 
 	m_imageWatcher.setFuture(future);
 }
 
 void WallpaperImage::handleImageLoaded() {
-	m_image = m_imageWatcher.result();
+	QImage result = m_imageWatcher.result();
+	if (result.isNull()) {
+		setStatus(Error);
+		return;
+	}
 
-	setStatus(m_image.isNull() ? Error : Ready);
+	m_pendingImage = result;
-
+	m_hasPending = true;
-	m_textureDirty = true;
+	setStatus(Ready);
 	update();
 }
 
-QSGNode* WallpaperImage::updatePaintNode(
+QRectF WallpaperImage::computeSourceRect(QSGTexture* texture) const {
-	QSGNode* oldNode, UpdatePaintNodeData*) {
+	QSize texSize = texture->textureSize();
-	auto* node = static_cast<QSGImageNode*>(oldNode);
 
-	if (m_image.isNull()) {
+	qreal cW = m_cropWidth / m_zoom;
-		delete node;
+	qreal cH = m_cropHeight / m_zoom;
-		return nullptr;
+
+	QRectF reqRect(
+		m_cropX * texSize.width(),
+		m_cropY * texSize.height(),
+		cW * texSize.width(),
+		cH * texSize.height());
+
+	QRectF bounds = boundingRect();
+	if (bounds.isEmpty() || reqRect.isEmpty()) return reqRect;
+
+	qreal targetRatio = bounds.width() / bounds.height();
+	qreal reqRatio = reqRect.width() / reqRect.height();
+
+	QRectF sourceRect = reqRect;
+
+	if (reqRatio > targetRatio) {
+		qreal newWidth = reqRect.height() * targetRatio;
+		qreal xOffset = (reqRect.width() - newWidth) / 2.0;
+		sourceRect.setX(reqRect.x() + xOffset);
+		sourceRect.setWidth(newWidth);
+	} else if (reqRatio < targetRatio) {
+		qreal newHeight = reqRect.width() / targetRatio;
+		qreal yOffset = (reqRect.height() - newHeight) / 2.0;
+		sourceRect.setY(reqRect.y() + yOffset);
+		sourceRect.setHeight(newHeight);
 	}
 
-	if (!node) {
+	return sourceRect;
-		node = window()->createImageNode();
+}
-	}
 
-	if (m_textureDirty) {
+void WallpaperImage::configureImageNode(
-		if (m_texture) delete m_texture;
+	QSGImageNode* node, QSGTexture* texture) {
-		m_texture = window()->createTextureFromImage(
+	node->setTexture(texture);
-			m_image, QQuickWindow::TextureHasAlphaChannel);
+	node->setRect(boundingRect());
-		m_textureDirty = false;
+	node->setFiltering(QSGTexture::Linear);
-	}
 
-	if (m_texture) {
+	QRectF sourceRect = computeSourceRect(texture);
-		node->setTexture(m_texture);
+	node->setSourceRect(sourceRect);
-		node->setRect(boundingRect());
-		node->setFiltering(QSGTexture::Linear);
-
-		qreal cW = m_cropWidth / m_zoom;
-		qreal cH = m_cropHeight / m_zoom;
-
-		QRectF reqRect(
-			m_cropX * m_texture->textureSize().width(),
-			m_cropY * m_texture->textureSize().height(),
-			cW * m_texture->textureSize().width(),
-			cH * m_texture->textureSize().height());
-
-		QRectF bounds = boundingRect();
-		if (bounds.isEmpty() || reqRect.isEmpty()) return node;
-
-		qreal targetRatio = bounds.width() / bounds.height();
-		qreal reqRatio = reqRect.width() / reqRect.height();
-
-		QRectF sourceRect = reqRect;
-
-		if (reqRatio > targetRatio) {
-			qreal newWidth = reqRect.height() * targetRatio;
-			qreal xOffset = (reqRect.width() - newWidth) / 2.0;
-			sourceRect.setX(reqRect.x() + xOffset);
-			sourceRect.setWidth(newWidth);
-		} else if (reqRatio < targetRatio) {
-			qreal newHeight = reqRect.width() / targetRatio;
-			qreal yOffset = (reqRect.height() - newHeight) / 2.0;
-			sourceRect.setY(reqRect.y() + yOffset);
-			sourceRect.setHeight(newHeight);
-		}
 
+	if (texture == m_texture) {
+		QSize texSize = texture->textureSize();
 		QRectF normalizedActual(
-			sourceRect.x() / m_texture->textureSize().width(),
+			sourceRect.x() / texSize.width(),
-			sourceRect.y() / m_texture->textureSize().height(),
+			sourceRect.y() / texSize.height(),
-			sourceRect.width() / m_texture->textureSize().width(),
+			sourceRect.width() / texSize.width(),
-			sourceRect.height() / m_texture->textureSize().height());
+			sourceRect.height() / texSize.height());
 
 		bool changed = false;
-
 		auto updateIfChanged = [&](qreal& dst, qreal value) {
 			if (!qFuzzyCompare(dst, value)) {
 				dst = value;
 				changed = true;
 			}
 		};
-
 		updateIfChanged(m_actualCropX, normalizedActual.x());
 		updateIfChanged(m_actualCropY, normalizedActual.y());
 		updateIfChanged(m_actualCropWidth, normalizedActual.width());
 		updateIfChanged(m_actualCropHeight, normalizedActual.height());
-
 		if (changed) emit actualCropChanged();
+	}
+}
 
-		node->setSourceRect(sourceRect);
+QSGNode* WallpaperImage::updatePaintNode(
+	QSGNode* oldNode, UpdatePaintNodeData*) {
+	Q_UNUSED(oldNode);
+
+	if (m_hasPending) {
+		if (m_previousTexture) {
+			delete m_previousTexture;
+			m_previousTexture = nullptr;
+		}
+		m_previousTexture = m_texture;
+		m_texture = window()->createTextureFromImage(
+			m_pendingImage, QQuickWindow::TextureHasAlphaChannel);
+		m_pendingImage = QImage();
+		m_hasPending = false;
+
+		if (m_previousTexture && m_fadeDuration > 0) {
+			m_fading = true;
+			m_fadeTimer.restart();
+		} else {
+			if (m_previousTexture) {
+				delete m_previousTexture;
+				m_previousTexture = nullptr;
+			}
+			m_fading = false;
+		}
 	}
 
-	return node;
+	if (!m_texture) {
+		return m_rootNode;
+	}
+
+	if (!m_rootNode) {
+		m_rootNode = new QSGNode();
+
+		m_newOpacityNode = new QSGOpacityNode();
+		m_newImageNode = window()->createImageNode();
+		m_newOpacityNode->appendChildNode(m_newImageNode);
+		m_rootNode->appendChildNode(m_newOpacityNode);
+
+		m_oldOpacityNode = new QSGOpacityNode();
+		m_oldImageNode = window()->createImageNode();
+		m_oldOpacityNode->appendChildNode(m_oldImageNode);
+		m_rootNode->appendChildNode(m_oldOpacityNode);
+	}
+
+	configureImageNode(m_newImageNode, m_texture);
+	m_newOpacityNode->setOpacity(1.0);
+
+	if (m_fading && m_previousTexture) {
+		qreal progress =
+			qBound(0.0, qreal(m_fadeTimer.elapsed()) / m_fadeDuration, 1.0);
+
+		configureImageNode(m_oldImageNode, m_previousTexture);
+		m_oldOpacityNode->setOpacity(1.0 - progress);
+
+		if (progress >= 1.0) {
+			m_fading = false;
+			delete m_previousTexture;
+			m_previousTexture = nullptr;
+			m_oldOpacityNode->setOpacity(0.0);
+		} else {
+			update();
+		}
+	} else {
+		m_oldOpacityNode->setOpacity(0.0);
+	}
+
+	return m_rootNode;
 }
 
 } // namespace ZShell::internal

Plugins/ZShell/Internal/wallpaperimage.hpp

@@ -4,9 +4,15 @@
 #include <QImage>
 #include <QUrl>
 #include <QSGTexture>
+#include <QSGOpacityNode>
+#include <QSGImageNode>
 #include <QFutureWatcher>
+#include <QElapsedTimer>
+#include <QThreadPool>
+#include <QTimer>
 #include <QtQml/qqml.h>
 #include <qtmetamacros.h>
+#include <atomic>
 
 namespace ZShell::internal {
 
@@ -19,6 +25,9 @@ class WallpaperImage : public QQuickItem {
 			NOTIFY screenResolutionChanged)
 	Q_PROPERTY(qreal zoom READ zoom WRITE setZoom NOTIFY zoomChanged)
 	Q_PROPERTY(Status status READ status NOTIFY statusChanged)
+	Q_PROPERTY(
+		int fadeDuration READ fadeDuration WRITE setFadeDuration NOTIFY
+			fadeDurationChanged)
 
 	Q_PROPERTY(qreal actualCropX READ actualCropX NOTIFY actualCropChanged)
 	Q_PROPERTY(qreal actualCropY READ actualCropY NOTIFY actualCropChanged)
@@ -54,12 +63,12 @@ class WallpaperImage : public QQuickItem {
 	qreal zoom() const { return m_zoom; }
 	void setZoom(qreal zoom);
 
+	int fadeDuration() const { return m_fadeDuration; }
+	void setFadeDuration(int ms);
+
 	qreal actualCropX() const { return m_actualCropX; }
-
 	qreal actualCropY() const { return m_actualCropY; }
-
 	qreal actualCropWidth() const { return m_actualCropWidth; }
-
 	qreal actualCropHeight() const { return m_actualCropHeight; }
 
 	qreal cropX() const { return m_cropX; }
@@ -82,6 +91,7 @@ class WallpaperImage : public QQuickItem {
 	void sourceChanged();
 	void screenResolutionChanged();
 	void zoomChanged();
+	void fadeDurationChanged();
 	void actualCropChanged();
 	void cropXChanged();
 	void cropYChanged();
@@ -90,15 +100,18 @@ class WallpaperImage : public QQuickItem {
 	void statusChanged();
 
 	private:
-	void loadImage();
+	void beginLoad();
 	void handleImageLoaded();
 	QString getCacheFilePath() const;
 	void setStatus(const Status s);
+	QRectF computeSourceRect(QSGTexture* texture) const;
+	void configureImageNode(QSGImageNode* node, QSGTexture* texture);
 
 	Status m_status = Null;
 	QUrl m_source;
 	QSize m_screenResolution;
 	qreal m_zoom = 1.0;
+	int m_fadeDuration = 400;
 
 	qreal m_actualCropX = 0.0;
 	qreal m_actualCropY = 0.0;
@@ -110,10 +123,25 @@ class WallpaperImage : public QQuickItem {
 	qreal m_cropWidth = 1.0;
 	qreal m_cropHeight = 1.0;
 
-	QImage m_image;
+	QTimer m_loadDebounceTimer;
-	QSGTexture* m_texture = nullptr;
-	bool m_textureDirty = false;
 	QFutureWatcher<QImage> m_imageWatcher;
+	std::shared_ptr<std::atomic<quint64>> m_requestGeneration =
+		std::make_shared<std::atomic<quint64>>(0);
+	static QThreadPool* loadPool();
+	QImage m_pendingImage;
+	bool m_hasPending = false;
+
+	QSGTexture* m_texture = nullptr;
+	QSGTexture* m_previousTexture = nullptr;
+
+	bool m_fading = false;
+	QElapsedTimer m_fadeTimer;
+
+	QSGNode* m_rootNode = nullptr;
+	QSGOpacityNode* m_newOpacityNode = nullptr;
+	QSGOpacityNode* m_oldOpacityNode = nullptr;
+	QSGImageNode* m_newImageNode = nullptr;
+	QSGImageNode* m_oldImageNode = nullptr;
 };
 
 } // namespace ZShell::internal

cli/src/zshell/__init__.py

@@ -8,7 +8,14 @@ import typer
 from typer._completion_classes import completion_init
 from typer._completion_shared import _get_shell_name, install
 
-from zshell.subcommands import record, scheme, screenshot, shell, wallpaper
+from zshell.subcommands import (
+	battery,
+	record,
+	scheme,
+	screenshot,
+	shell,
+	wallpaper,
+)
 
 app = typer.Typer(name="zshell-cli", add_completion=False)
 
@@ -17,6 +24,7 @@ app.add_typer(scheme.app, name="scheme")
 app.add_typer(screenshot.app, name="screenshot")
 app.add_typer(wallpaper.app, name="wallpaper")
 app.add_typer(record.app, name="record")
+app.add_typer(battery.app, name="battery")
 
 
 def _completion_installed() -> bool:

cli/src/zshell/subcommands/battery.py

@@ -0,0 +1,819 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import fcntl
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import signal
+import struct
+import tempfile
+import threading
+import time
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import typer
+from logitech_receiver import hidpp10, hidpp20
+from logitech_receiver.common import Battery, BatteryStatus, Notification
+from logitech_receiver.hidpp10_constants import Registers
+from logitech_receiver.hidpp20_constants import SupportedFeature
+
+app = typer.Typer(
+	help="Read live battery status from Logitech HID++ peripherals."
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("zshell.battery")
+
+DEFAULT_OUTPUT = Path.home() / ".cache" / "zshell" / "battery.json"
+
+_RUNTIME_DIR = Path(
+	os.environ.get("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR") or (Path.home() / ".cache" / "zshell")
+)
+DEFAULT_LOCK = _RUNTIME_DIR / "zshell-battery-daemon.lock"
+
+
+def _acquire_singleton_lock(path: Path) -> int | None:
+	path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+	fd = os.open(path, os.O_CREAT | os.O_RDWR, 0o644)
+	try:
+		fcntl.flock(fd, fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
+	except BlockingIOError:
+		os.close(fd)
+		return None
+	os.ftruncate(fd, 0)
+	os.write(fd, str(os.getpid()).encode())
+	return fd
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DeviceBattery:
+	model: str
+	nativePath: str | None
+	serial: str | None
+	type: str | None
+	wired: bool
+	percentage: float | None
+	state: str | None
+	charging: bool
+	isPresent: bool
+
+
+_SYSFS_POWER_SUPPLY = Path("/sys/class/power_supply")
+
+
+def _normalize_serial(s: str) -> str:
+	return re.sub(r"[^0-9A-Za-z]", "", s).upper()
+
+
+def _find_upower_native_path(serial: str | None) -> str | None:
+	if not serial or not _SYSFS_POWER_SUPPLY.is_dir():
+		return None
+	target = _normalize_serial(serial)
+	for entry in _SYSFS_POWER_SUPPLY.glob("hidpp_battery_*"):
+		try:
+			raw = (entry / "serial_number").read_text().strip()
+		except OSError:
+			logger.debug(
+				"couldn't read serial_number under %s", entry, exc_info=True
+			)
+			continue
+		if _normalize_serial(raw) == target:
+			return entry.name
+	return None
+
+
+def _process_battery_notification(dev, n) -> bool:
+
+	if not getattr(dev, "isDevice", False):
+		return False
+
+	if int(n.sub_id) & 0x80:
+		return False
+	if n.sub_id == Notification.NO_OPERATION:
+		return False
+
+	if getattr(dev, "protocol", None) is not None and dev.protocol < 2.0:
+		if n.sub_id in (Registers.BATTERY_STATUS, Registers.BATTERY_CHARGE):
+			if n.data[-1:] != b"\x00":
+				return False
+			data = bytes([n.address]) + n.data
+			dev.set_battery_info(hidpp10.parse_battery_status(n.sub_id, data))
+			return True
+		return False
+
+	features = getattr(dev, "features", None)
+	if not features:
+		return False
+
+	try:
+		feature = features.get_feature(n.sub_id)
+	except Exception:
+		return False
+
+	if feature == SupportedFeature.BATTERY_STATUS:
+		if n.address == 0x00:
+			dev.set_battery_info(hidpp20.decipher_battery_status(n.data)[1])
+			return True
+		return False
+
+	if feature == SupportedFeature.BATTERY_VOLTAGE:
+		if n.address == 0x00:
+			dev.set_battery_info(hidpp20.decipher_battery_voltage(n.data)[1])
+			return True
+		return False
+
+	if feature == SupportedFeature.UNIFIED_BATTERY:
+		if n.address == 0x00:
+			dev.set_battery_info(hidpp20.decipher_battery_unified(n.data)[1])
+			return True
+		return False
+
+	if feature == SupportedFeature.ADC_MEASUREMENT:
+		if n.address == 0x00:
+			result = hidpp20.decipher_adc_measurement(n.data)
+			if result:
+				dev.set_battery_info(result[1])
+				return True
+		return False
+
+	if feature == SupportedFeature.CENTURION_BATTERY_SOC:
+		dev.set_battery_info(hidpp20.decipher_battery_centurion(n.data)[1])
+		return True
+
+	if feature == SupportedFeature.SOLAR_DASHBOARD:
+		if n.data[5:9] == b"GOOD":
+			charge, lux, _ = struct.unpack("!BHH", n.data[:5])
+			status = BatteryStatus.DISCHARGING
+			if n.address == 0x10 and lux > 200:
+				status = BatteryStatus.RECHARGING
+			dev.set_battery_info(Battery(charge, None, status, None, lux))
+			return True
+		return False
+
+	return False
+
+
+def _import_listener_deps():
+	try:
+		from logitech_receiver import base, device, receiver
+		from logitech_receiver.listener import EventsListener
+	except ImportError as e:
+		raise RuntimeError(
+			"logitech_receiver isn't importable -- install it with `pip install solaar`."
+		) from e
+	except ValueError as e:
+		raise RuntimeError(
+			"logitech_receiver failed to import because a GTK3 typelib is missing "
+			f"({e}). Install the same GTK3 + PyGObject packages Solaar's GUI needs "
+			"(e.g. python3-gi + gir1.2-gtk-3.0 on Debian/Ubuntu, or the gtk3/"
+			"python3-gobject equivalents on your distro)."
+		) from e
+
+	class _BatteryEventsListener(EventsListener):
+		def __init__(self, receiver_or_device, on_change):
+			super().__init__(receiver_or_device, self._handle_notification)
+			self._on_change = on_change
+
+		def has_started(self):
+
+			if not self.receiver.isDevice:
+				try:
+					self.receiver.notification_flags = (
+						self.receiver.enable_connection_notifications()
+					)
+					self.receiver.notify_devices()
+				except Exception:
+					logger.exception(
+						"failed enabling notifications for %s", self.receiver
+					)
+
+		def _handle_notification(self, n):
+			if self.receiver.isDevice:
+				try:
+					_process_battery_notification(self.receiver, n)
+				except Exception:
+					logger.exception("processing %s for %s", n, self.receiver)
+				self._on_change(self.receiver)
+				return
+
+			if n.devnumber == 0xFF:
+				try:
+					_process_battery_notification(self.receiver, n)
+				except Exception:
+					logger.exception("processing receiver notification %s", n)
+				self._on_change(self.receiver)
+				return
+
+			if not (0 < n.devnumber <= 16):
+				logger.warning(
+					"unexpected device number %s in %s", n.devnumber, n
+				)
+				return
+
+			try:
+				dev = self.receiver[n.devnumber]
+			except Exception:
+				logger.exception(
+					"resolving device number %s on %s",
+					n.devnumber,
+					self.receiver,
+				)
+				return
+
+			if not dev:
+				logger.warning(
+					"%s: received %s for invalid device %d",
+					self.receiver,
+					n,
+					n.devnumber,
+				)
+				return
+
+			try:
+				_process_battery_notification(dev, n)
+			except Exception:
+				logger.exception("processing %s for %s", n, dev)
+
+			self._on_change(dev)
+
+	return base, device, receiver, _BatteryEventsListener
+
+
+def _start_hotplug_watcher(on_hotplug: Callable[[], None]):
+	try:
+		import pyudev
+	except ImportError:
+		logger.warning(
+			"pyudev isn't importable -- hotplugged devices will only be "
+			"noticed on the next --rescan-interval tick, not instantly. "
+			"Install it with `pip install pyudev` (it's a core Solaar "
+			"dependency, so it's normally already present)."
+		)
+		return None
+
+	debounce_lock = threading.Lock()
+	debounce_state: dict[str, threading.Timer | None] = {"timer": None}
+	DEBOUNCE_SECONDS = 0.5
+
+	def _fire():
+		with debounce_lock:
+			debounce_state["timer"] = None
+		on_hotplug()
+
+	def _handle_event(_device):
+		if _device.action not in ("add", "remove"):
+			return
+		with debounce_lock:
+			existing = debounce_state["timer"]
+			if existing is not None:
+				existing.cancel()
+			timer = threading.Timer(DEBOUNCE_SECONDS, _fire)
+			timer.daemon = True
+			debounce_state["timer"] = timer
+			timer.start()
+
+	context = pyudev.Context()
+	monitor = pyudev.Monitor.from_netlink(context)
+	monitor.filter_by(subsystem="hidraw")
+	observer = pyudev.MonitorObserver(monitor, callback=_handle_event)
+	observer.start()
+	return observer
+
+
+class _ListenerRegistry:
+	def __init__(self, on_change):
+		self._on_change = on_change
+		self._entries = {}
+		self._last_change: dict[int, float] = {}
+		self._lock = threading.Lock()
+		self._rescan_lock = threading.Lock()
+		self._min_rescan_interval = 1.0
+		self._last_rescan_time = 0.0
+
+		self._hidpp_io_lock = threading.RLock()
+
+	def _touch_and_notify(self, dev_or_receiver, *args, **kwargs):
+		with self._lock:
+			self._last_change[id(dev_or_receiver)] = time.time()
+		self._on_change(dev_or_receiver, *args, **kwargs)
+
+	def last_change(self, dev) -> float:
+		with self._lock:
+			return self._last_change.get(id(dev), 0.0)
+
+	def rescan(self):
+		now = time.monotonic()
+		if now - self._last_rescan_time < self._min_rescan_interval:
+			return
+		if not self._rescan_lock.acquire(blocking=False):
+			return
+
+		try:
+			self._last_rescan_time = now
+			with self._hidpp_io_lock:
+				base, device, receiver, ListenerClass = _import_listener_deps()
+
+				with self._lock:
+					dead = [
+						p
+						for p, (_obj, listener) in self._entries.items()
+						if not listener._active
+					]
+					for p in dead:
+						dying_obj, _dying_listener = self._entries[p]
+
+						if dying_obj.isDevice:
+							ident = getattr(
+								dying_obj, "unitId", None
+							) or getattr(dying_obj, "serial", None)
+							info = getattr(dying_obj, "battery_info", None)
+							if ident and info is not None:
+								for (
+									other_path,
+									(other_obj, _other_listener),
+								) in self._entries.items():
+									if other_path == p or other_obj.isDevice:
+										continue
+									for child in other_obj:
+										child_ident = getattr(
+											child, "unitId", None
+										) or getattr(child, "serial", None)
+										if child_ident == ident:
+											child.set_battery_info(info)
+											break
+						del self._entries[p]
+					known_paths = set(self._entries.keys())
+
+				with self._lock:
+					id_to_entry = {}
+					for path, (obj, listener) in self._entries.items():
+						if obj.isDevice:
+							ident = obj.unitId or obj.serial
+							if ident:
+								id_to_entry[ident] = (path, obj, listener)
+
+				for dev_info in base.receivers_and_devices():
+					if dev_info.path in known_paths:
+						continue
+					try:
+						if dev_info.isDevice:
+							obj = device.create_device(base, dev_info)
+						else:
+							obj = receiver.create_receiver(base, dev_info)
+					except OSError as e:
+						if e.errno == 13:
+							logger.error(
+								"permission denied opening %s -- check the Solaar udev rule "
+								"(rules.d/42-logitech-unify-permissions.rules) is installed",
+								dev_info.path,
+							)
+						else:
+							logger.exception("failed opening %s", dev_info)
+						continue
+					except Exception:
+						logger.exception("failed opening %s", dev_info)
+						continue
+
+					if obj is None:
+						continue
+
+					listener = ListenerClass(obj, self._touch_and_notify)
+					to_join = None
+
+					if obj.isDevice:
+						ident = None
+						try:
+							if obj.protocol >= 2.0:
+								obj.get_ids()
+							ident = obj.unitId or obj.serial
+						except Exception:
+							pass
+
+						if ident:
+							with self._lock:
+								existing = id_to_entry.get(ident)
+								if existing:
+									old_path, old_obj, old_listener = existing
+
+									if old_path != dev_info.path:
+										logger.info(
+											"replacing device %s (old path %s) with new path %s",
+											ident,
+											old_path,
+											dev_info.path,
+										)
+
+										if (
+											getattr(obj, "battery_info", None)
+											is None
+											and getattr(
+												old_obj, "battery_info", None
+											)
+											is not None
+										):
+											obj.set_battery_info(
+												old_obj.battery_info
+											)
+
+										old_listener.stop()
+
+										del self._entries[old_path]
+
+										self._entries[dev_info.path] = (
+											obj,
+											listener,
+										)
+										self._last_change[id(obj)] = time.time()
+
+										to_join = old_listener
+										break
+									else:
+										pass
+								else:
+									if (
+										getattr(obj, "battery_info", None)
+										is None
+									):
+										for (
+											_,
+											(other_obj, _other_listener),
+										) in self._entries.items():
+											if other_obj.isDevice:
+												continue
+											for child in other_obj:
+												child_ident = getattr(
+													child, "unitId", None
+												) or getattr(
+													child, "serial", None
+												)
+												if child_ident == ident:
+													obj.set_battery_info(
+														child.battery_info
+													)
+													break
+											if (
+												getattr(
+													obj,
+													"battery_info",
+													None,
+												)
+												is not None
+											):
+												break
+
+					with self._lock:
+						if dev_info.path not in self._entries:
+							self._entries[dev_info.path] = (obj, listener)
+							self._last_change[id(obj)] = time.time()
+
+					listener.start()
+
+					logger.info(
+						"listening on %s (%s)",
+						dev_info.path,
+						"device" if dev_info.isDevice else "receiver",
+					)
+
+					if to_join is not None:
+						try:
+							to_join.join(timeout=1.0)
+						except Exception:
+							logger.exception("error joining replaced listener")
+						del to_join
+
+		finally:
+			self._rescan_lock.release()
+
+	def known_devices(self):
+		with self._lock:
+			entries = list(self._entries.values())
+
+		result = []
+		seen_idents = set()
+		for obj, _listener in entries:
+			if obj.isDevice:
+				ident = obj.unitId or obj.serial
+				if ident and ident in seen_idents:
+					continue
+				if ident:
+					seen_idents.add(ident)
+				result.append(obj)
+			else:
+				for child in obj:
+					ident = child.unitId or child.serial
+					if ident and ident in seen_idents:
+						continue
+					if ident:
+						seen_idents.add(ident)
+					result.append(child)
+		return result
+
+	def stop(self):
+		with self._lock:
+			entries = list(self._entries.values())
+		for _obj, listener in entries:
+			try:
+				listener.stop()
+			except Exception:
+				logger.exception("error stopping listener")
+		for _obj, listener in entries:
+			listener.join(timeout=2.0)
+
+
+def _snapshot(registry: _ListenerRegistry) -> list[DeviceBattery]:
+	results: list[DeviceBattery] = []
+
+	with registry._hidpp_io_lock:
+		for dev in registry.known_devices():
+			info = dev.battery_info
+			if info is None:
+				try:
+					if dev.ping():
+						info = dev.battery()
+				except Exception:
+					logger.debug(
+						"initial battery() failed for %s", dev, exc_info=True
+					)
+					info = None
+			entry = _to_device_battery(dev, info)
+			if entry is not None:
+				results.append(entry)
+	return results
+
+
+def _clean_json(path: Path) -> None:
+	_write_json_atomic(path, [])
+
+
+def _iter_open_devices():
+	try:
+		from logitech_receiver import base, device, receiver
+	except ImportError as e:
+		raise RuntimeError(
+			"logitech_receiver isn't importable -- install it with `pip install solaar`."
+		) from e
+	except ValueError as e:
+		raise RuntimeError(
+			"logitech_receiver failed to import because a GTK3 typelib is missing "
+			f"({e}). Install the same GTK3 + PyGObject packages Solaar's GUI needs "
+			"(e.g. python3-gi + gir1.2-gtk-3.0 on Debian/Ubuntu, or the gtk3/"
+			"python3-gobject equivalents on your distro)."
+		) from e
+
+	for dev_info in base.receivers_and_devices():
+		try:
+			if dev_info.isDevice:
+				d = device.create_device(base, dev_info)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+				if d is not None:
+					yield d
+			else:
+				d = receiver.create_receiver(base, dev_info)  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+				if d is not None:
+					yield from d
+		except OSError as e:
+			if e.errno == 13:
+				logger.error(
+					"permission denied opening %s -- check the Solaar udev rule "
+					"(rules.d/42-logitech-unify-permissions.rules) is installed "
+					"and you're in the right group",
+					dev_info.path,
+				)
+			else:
+				logger.exception("failed opening %s", dev_info)
+			continue
+		except Exception:
+			logger.exception("failed opening %s", dev_info)
+			continue
+
+
+def _to_device_battery(dev, battery) -> DeviceBattery | None:
+	if battery is None:
+		return None
+
+	percentage = battery.level / 100 if isinstance(battery.level, int) else None
+	state = battery.status.name.lower() if battery.status is not None else None
+
+	serial = (
+		getattr(dev, "serial", None) or getattr(dev, "unitId", None) or None
+	)
+
+	return DeviceBattery(
+		model=dev.name or dev.codename or "Unknown device",
+		nativePath=_find_upower_native_path(serial),
+		serial=serial,
+		type=str(dev.kind) if dev.kind is not None else None,
+		wired=dev.receiver is None,
+		percentage=percentage,
+		state=state,
+		charging=battery.charging(),
+		isPresent=battery.ok(),
+	)
+
+
+def _read_battery(dev) -> DeviceBattery | None:
+	try:
+		if not dev.ping():
+			return None
+	except Exception:
+		logger.debug("ping failed for %s", dev, exc_info=True)
+		return None
+
+	try:
+		battery = dev.battery()
+	except Exception:
+		logger.debug("battery() failed for %s", dev, exc_info=True)
+		return None
+
+	return _to_device_battery(dev, battery)
+
+
+def poll_once() -> list[DeviceBattery]:
+	results: list[DeviceBattery] = []
+	seen_idents = set()
+	for dev in _iter_open_devices():
+		try:
+			info = _read_battery(dev)
+			if info is not None:
+				entry = _to_device_battery(dev, info)
+				if entry:
+					ident = entry.serial or (getattr(dev, "unitId", None))
+					if ident and ident in seen_idents:
+						continue
+					if ident:
+						seen_idents.add(ident)
+					results.append(entry)
+		finally:
+			with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+				dev.close()
+	return results
+
+
+def _write_json_atomic(path: Path, results: list[DeviceBattery]) -> None:
+	path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+	payload = {
+		"updated": time.time(),
+		"devices": [asdict(r) for r in results],
+	}
+	fd, tmp_path = tempfile.mkstemp(
+		dir=path.parent, prefix=".battery-", suffix=".tmp"
+	)
+	try:
+		with os.fdopen(fd, "w") as f:
+			json.dump(payload, f, indent=2)
+		os.replace(tmp_path, path)
+	except Exception:
+		Path(tmp_path).unlink(missing_ok=True)
+		raise
+
+
+@app.command()
+def daemon(
+	rescan_interval: float = typer.Option(
+		60.0,
+		"--rescan-interval",
+		"-i",
+		help=(
+			"Seconds between fallback rescans. This is NOT a battery poll "
+			"interval -- battery updates are event-driven and written as "
+			"soon as a device reports a change. New/removed devices "
+			"(e.g. plugging a keyboard in to charge) are normally noticed "
+			"within milliseconds via a udev hotplug watcher; this interval "
+			"is only a safety net in case a udev event is ever missed."
+		),
+	),
+	out: Path = typer.Option(
+		DEFAULT_OUTPUT,
+		"--out",
+		"-o",
+		help="Where to write the JSON status file.",
+	),
+	lock_file: Path = typer.Option(
+		DEFAULT_LOCK,
+		"--lock-file",
+		help="Path used to ensure only one daemon runs at a time.",
+	),
+	verbose: bool = typer.Option(
+		False,
+		"--verbose",
+		"-v",
+		help="Log every listener start and battery-change write to stderr.",
+	),
+):
+	lock_fd = _acquire_singleton_lock(lock_file)
+	if lock_fd is None:
+		try:
+			holder_pid = lock_file.read_text().strip()
+		except OSError:
+			holder_pid = "unknown"
+		typer.echo(
+			f"error: a battery daemon is already running (pid {holder_pid}, lock: {lock_file})",
+			err=True,
+		)
+		raise typer.Exit(code=1)
+
+	if verbose:
+		logging.basicConfig(
+			level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s %(name)s: %(message)s"
+		)
+
+	write_lock = threading.Lock()
+	last_payload = None
+
+	pending_write_timer: list[threading.Timer | None] = [None]
+	pending_write_lock = threading.Lock()
+	WRITE_SETTLE_SECONDS = 0.3
+
+	write_seq_lock = threading.Lock()
+	write_seq = 0
+	last_written_seq = 0
+
+	def write_if_changed():
+		nonlocal last_payload, write_seq, last_written_seq
+		with write_seq_lock:
+			write_seq += 1
+			my_seq = write_seq
+
+		results = _snapshot(registry)
+		with write_lock:
+			with write_seq_lock:
+				if my_seq <= last_written_seq:
+					return
+				last_written_seq = my_seq
+			payload = [asdict(r) for r in results]
+			if payload != last_payload:
+				_write_json_atomic(out, results)
+				last_payload = payload
+				logger.info(
+					"battery status changed, wrote %d device(s)", len(results)
+				)
+
+	def write_if_changed_coalesced():
+		with pending_write_lock:
+			existing = pending_write_timer[0]
+			if existing is not None:
+				existing.cancel()
+			timer = threading.Timer(WRITE_SETTLE_SECONDS, write_if_changed)
+			timer.daemon = True
+			pending_write_timer[0] = timer
+			timer.start()
+
+	def on_change(_device_or_receiver, alert=None, reason=None):
+		write_if_changed_coalesced()
+
+	registry = _ListenerRegistry(on_change)
+
+	def rescan_and_write():
+		try:
+			registry.rescan()
+		except Exception:
+			logger.exception("rescan failed")
+		write_if_changed_coalesced()
+
+	try:
+		registry.rescan()
+	except RuntimeError as e:
+		typer.echo(f"error: {e}", err=True)
+		raise typer.Exit(code=1) from None
+
+	write_if_changed()
+
+	hotplug_observer = _start_hotplug_watcher(rescan_and_write)
+
+	running = True
+
+	def _stop(signum, frame):
+		nonlocal running
+		running = False
+
+	signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, _stop)
+	signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, _stop)
+
+	typer.echo(
+		f"Listening for battery events, writing to {out} (lock: {lock_file})"
+	)
+
+	try:
+		while running:
+			remaining = rescan_interval
+			while running and remaining > 0:
+				step = min(0.2, remaining)
+				time.sleep(step)
+				remaining -= step
+			if running:
+				rescan_and_write()
+	finally:
+		if hotplug_observer is not None:
+			with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+				hotplug_observer.stop()
+		with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
+			_clean_json(out)
+
+	registry.stop()
+	typer.echo("Stopped.")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+	app()

pyproject.toml

@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@ dependencies = [
 	"typer",
 	"pillow",
 	"jinja2",
-	"materialyoucolor"
+	"materialyoucolor",
+	"solaar",
+	"pytest"
 ]
 
-[project.optional-dependencies]
-dev = ["pytest"]
-
 [project.scripts]
 zshell-cli = "zshell:main"